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  • Articles  (134)
  • Physics  (134)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • 1980-1984  (134)
  • 1984  (55)
  • 1983  (79)
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  • 1980-1984  (134)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation of “inverted” core-shell latexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been found that when hydrophobic monomers are polymerized in the presence of highly hydrophilic polymer seed particles, the second-stage hydrophobic polymers form cores surrounded by the first-stage hydrophilic polymers, resulting in “inverted” core-shell latexes. The formation of core-shell morphology by this inversion process has been found to be dependent on the hydrophilicity and molecular weight of the first-stage hydrophilic polymers and the extent of phase separation between the two polymers involved. Particle morphology has been examined by electron microscopy, surface acid titration, alkali swelling of particles, and surface reactivity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210115
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal chelates in vinyl polymerization: Kinetics and mechanism of acrylonitrile polymerization initiated by Cu(II) imine complexes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 803-810 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by Cu(II) 4-anilino 2-one [Cu(II) ANIPO] Cu(II), 4-p-toluedeno 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) TPO], and Cu(II) 4-p-nitroanilino 3-pentene 2-one [Cu(II) NAPO] was studied in benzene at 50 and 60°C and in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol (MeOH) at 60°C. Although the polymerization proceeded in a heterogeneous phase, it followed the kinetics of a homogeneous process. The monomer exponents were ≥2 at two different temperatures and in different solvents. The square-root dependence of Rp on initiator concentration and higher monomer exponents accounted for a 1:2 complex formation between the chelate and monomer. The complex formation was shown by ultraviolet (UV) study. The activation energies, kinetics, and chain transfer constants were also evaluated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210315
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic method of reactivity ratio measurement in olefin copolymerization with Ziegler-Natta catalystsPresented at the Macromolecular Symposium of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, July 12-16, 1982, Amherst, Massachusetts. (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1065-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An efficient kinetic method of reactivity ratio measurement for binary copolymerization of gaseous monomers4 that does not require the measurement of copolymer composition and can be applied to the data obtained in a single copolymerization run was modified and applied to olefin copolymerization with heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Estimated r1 and r2 values for pairs like ethylene-propylene and propylene-1-butene agree favorably with published data.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210414
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation curing of methacryloyloxyalkyl carbonates (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 1401-1416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of studying the radiation curing of methacryloyloxyalkyl carbonates (MC), a new type of oligomer, are presented. These oligomers are notable for their high rates of radiation curing. The radiation yield G(-M) is 2 × 105 for MC and 2 × 104 for triethylene glycol dimethyacrylate. The polymerization rate of MC appeared to be proportional, independent of the conversion degree, to the irradiation dose rate in the power of 0.9-1.0 (for dose rates ranging from 0.4 to 15 rad/s). In regard to the temperature dependence of the polymerization rate of MC for small conversion degrees, two temperature regions with different values of effective activation energy (18-20 kcal/mol and 2 kcal/mol, respectively) were observed. When an irradiated MC sample is being unfrozen, its polymerization occus in the region of devitrification (220-240°K). As distinct from mass polymerization, in the polymerization of MC solutions in acetone and benzol the mobility of growing chains increases so that the bimolecular termination becomes possible and the limiting conversion of double bonds is derived. Rather small irradiation doses necessary for curing MC and the proportionality of the radiation-induced polymerization rate to the dose rate make these oligomers valuable for various industrial applications.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170210514
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of casein-G-poly(vinyl acetate). II (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3041-3053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl acetate) was graft-copolymerized onto casein in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate-ascorbic acid. The effect of synthetic variables on the rates of conversion of monomer (Rp), graft copolymerization (Rg), and homopolymerization (Rh), percent grafting, and grafting efficiency were investigated and the results, compared with the system initiated by peroxydisulfate alone.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211102
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diaminobipyridine-TDI polyureas: Synthesis, metal complexes, and catalytic activity (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3115-3127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article we report the synthesis of a polyurea containing the chelating ligand bipyridine and concentrate on some of the catalytic properties of its palladium complexes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211109
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Syntheses and polymerizations of some vinyl monomers containing nitro- or fluorophthalimides (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 21 (1983), S. 3403-3424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Nitro-N-vinylphthalimide (4) was synthesized by two different procedures. Compound 4 was not polymerizable or copolymerizable by AIBN. Poly(N-vinylphthalimide) (17) was prepared and partially nitrated at 10-25°C. N,N′-(1,2-Ethanediyl)bis(4-nitrophthalimide) (15) and N,N′-(1,3-propanediyl)bis(4-nitrophthalimide) (16) were prepared by the condensation of the corresponding diamine with phthalic anhydride followed by nitration of the condensation products. 4-Nitrophthalic anhydride was prepared by the hydrolysis of 15. Four styrene-substituted phthalimide monomers were synthesized. These include N-(4-vinylphenyl)phthalimide (25a), N-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-fluorophthalimide (25b), N-(4-vinylphenyl)-3-nitrophthalimide (25c), and N-(4-vinylphenyl)-4-nitrophthalimide (25d). Monomers 25a and 25b were polymerized by freeradical initiator (AIBN), whereas monomers 25c and 25d were not polymerizable or copolymerizable by AIBN due to a strong inhibitive effect exerted by the nitrophthalimide group. Monomers 25c and 25d were cationically polymerized (BF3·OEt2). Monomer 25b and styrene were copolymerized and their reactivity ratios were r1 = 1.7 and r2 = 0.55, respectively. The prepared polymers are useful as backbone polymers for grafting living anionic polymers.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1983.170211206
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymerization. XI. A comparison of the plasma polymerization of the isomeric perfluorinated diazines (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 17-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Plasma polymers synthesized by inductively coupled RF techniques have been investigated as a function of operating parameters for the isomeric perfluorinated diazines (pyrazine, pyrimidine, and pyridazine). A combination of ESCA and microanalytical studies shows that plasma polymers are produced by rearrangement mechanisms: the C/F and C/N stoichiometric ratios are similar to those of the starting monomers over a range of operating parameters. A comparison of rates of formation of plasma polymer films reveals distinctive differences between the isomeric diazines that suggest that equilibration of valence isomers occurs on a substantially slower time scale than for isomeric fluorinated benzenes5-9 which, in general, polymerize at essentially the same rates. In contrast to the remarkably low critical surface tension of plasma polymers based on perfluorobenzenes (ca. 20 dynes cm-2), the plasma polymer films from the perfluorinated diazines which are initially hydrophobic become hydrophilic in contact with water droplets. This is attributed to the hydrolytic instability of films associated with the labilizing influence of nitrogen on nucleophilic displacement of fluoride which is a feature of the chemistry of monomers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220102
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attempted polymerization of substituted pipecolic acid NCA's: Dimerization and mechanism (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 107-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Racemic and optically active N-carboxyanhydrides (NCA)s of 2-methyl- and cis-6-methylpipecolic acid, when subjected to polymerization conditions in solution or in bulk whether with “weak” or “strong” base initiators, resisted polymerization under all conditions tried. Instead, the NCA of 2-methylpipecolic acid gave the corresponding cyclic dipeptide and the NCA of cis-6-methylpipecolic acid formed the cyclic dipeptide derived from trans-6-methylpipecolic acid. The mechanism of dimerization of these NCA's was investigated. Evidence was provided for the proposed mechanism in which the active moiety is not a carbamate ion but an amino group. Methyl 2-methylpipecolate underwent an intermolecular SN2-type reaction upon heating, yielding equimolar quantities of methyl N-methyl-2-methylpipecolate and 2-methylpipecolic acid.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220111
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Mössbauer study of polymers prepared from polyvinylpyridine and ferric chloride or ferric nitrate (1984)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 22 (1984), S. 303-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron-ion-containing polymers were prepared by reacting atactic polyvinylpyridine with ferric chloride or ferric nitrate in methanol solution. Molar ratios of Fe3+ to 4-vinylpyridine (Fe:PVP) were 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20. Three kinds of iron center were characterized from 57Fe Mössbauer spectra recorded over a temperature range of 4.2-290 K. Infrared (IR) spectra of the samples were measured also. All samples contained amorphous hydrated ferric-oxide particles that exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at low temperatures. The size of the clusters (102-103 iron atoms per particle) was estimated from the average blocking temperatures TBav, which is sensitive to the Fe:PVP ratio. For FeCl3:PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2, 1:6, and 1:20 TBav was 37, 10, and 〈4 K, respectively. A small proportion (〈10%) of high-spin ferrous iron centers was found in most samples. A third type of signal attributable to oxygen-bridged ferric dimers was found in FeCl3-PVP preparations with Fe:PVP of 1:2 or 1:6 but not in Fe(No3)3-PVP samples. This species is probably [Cl3Fe—O—FeCl3]2-. Interactions between the polymer and the various iron centers were weak.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1984.170220203
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