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  • SPACE RADIATION  (2)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (1)
  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • 1982  (3)
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  • 1980-1984  (3)
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  • 1
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    Observation of gamma-ray bursts with the SMM gamma-ray spectrometer (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The gamma-ray spectrometer on SMM is sensitive to bursts within its field of view with intensities greater than 0.000005 erg/sq cm above 100 keV. It has detected 17 events between February 1980 and March 1981 with the characteristics of cosmic gamma-ray bursts. The most intense burst, on 19 April 1980, had a photon spectrum consistent with a power law with spectral index - 2.5 from 300 keV to approximately 7 MeV. It is not possible at present to exclude the sun as the source of this burst. Spectra of 11 of the bursts have been studied for line features with no clear evidence for line emission greater than 300 keV. The continuum radiation from about half of these events have hard emission extending to approximately equal to or greater than 2 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: International Cosmic Ray Conference; Jul 13, 1981 - Jul 25, 1981; Paris; France
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Mars water vapor, near-surface (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In a previous paper we concluded that the temperature sensors aboard the Viking landers (VL-1 and VL-2) were detecting the water vapor frost point. Analysis of one Mars year of data at both lander sites substantiates this conclusion. At VL-1 it is found that the water vapor mixing ratio is constant with height through the bulk of the atmosphere, most of the time. Exceptions are during the onset phases of the two major dust storms when temporary enhancement of near-surface vapor occurs (the same phenomenon is observed at VL-2), and some depletion of near-surface vapor during the decay phase of the first storm, possibly the second storm as well. The former suggests near-surface, northward transport of water vapor with the storms. The latter suggests adsorption of vapor on dust particles followed by surface deposition. At VL-2, severe near-surface depletion of water vapor occurs during northern autumn and winter. The residual vapor is in equilibrium with the surface condensate observed at the site during this period, indicating that the source region for the condensate must be aloft with downward transport by dust fall-out. Since the near-surface water vapor mixing ratio and concentration at VL-1 generally parallels the column abundance over VL-1 obtained by the orbiters, this suggests that VL-1 can be used to give a measure of column abundance for as long as the temperature sensors remain operational.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Observation of gamma-ray bursts from 10 keV to 9 MeV (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Time histories and count-rate spectra of some of the gamma-ray bursts detected by the spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission between Feb. 20, 1980, and May 1981 are presented. Individual peaks observed in some of the bursts are found to differ significantly in hardness from one another. The similarity in the time profiles in the different energy bands is seen as suggesting that photons spanning two decades in energy are produced by the same mechanism. It is noted that all of the bursts are detected to energies greater than approximately 1 MeV. Two of the spectra presented are seen as being well fit by single power laws; the indices, however, are strikingly different. The other two sepctra require either two power laws or an exponential function. No clear evidence is found for the existence of narrow line features in any of the bursts.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Gamma ray transients and related astrophysical phenomena; Workshop; Aug 05, 1981 - Aug 08, 1981; La Jolla, CA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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