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  • Articles  (38)
  • Springer  (38)
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  • 1980-1984  (38)
  • 1982  (38)
  • Computer Science  (38)
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  • Articles  (38)
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  • 1980-1984  (38)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 42 (1982), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The term biological motion has been coined by Johansson (1973) to refer to the ambulatory patterns of terrestrial bipeds and quadripeds. In this paper a computational theory of the visual perception of biological motion is proposed. The specific problem addressed is how the three dimensional structure and motions of animal limbs may be computed from the two dimensional motions of their projected images. It is noted that the limbs of animals typically do not move arbitrarily during ambulation. Rather, for anatomical reasons, they typically move in single planes for extended periods of time. This simple anatomical constraint is exploited as the basis for utilizing a “planarity assumption” in the interpretation of biological motion. The analysis proposed is: (1) divide the image into groups of two or three elements each; (2) test each group for pairwise-rigid planar motion; (3) combine the results from (2). Fundamental to the analysis are two “structure from planar motion” propositions. The first states that the structure and motion of two points rigidly linked and rotating in a plane is recoverable from three orthographic projections. The second states that the structure and motion of three points forming two highed rods constrained to move in a plane is recoverable from two orthographic projections. The psychological relevance of the analysis and possible interactions with top down recognition processes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 29 (1982), S. 355-359 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Bemerkung zur Methode von King über die Berechnung einer Nullstelle mit Vorzeichenwechsel, die in einem Intervall eingeschlossen ist. Die hier vorgeschlagene Modifikation besteht darin, den Sekantenschnitt und die Snyder-Hilfsschritte der Methode von King durch Bisektionsschritte zu ersetzen. Tests haben ergeben, daß diese Modifikation effektiver ist als die ursprüngliche Methode von King.
    Notes: Abstract In this paper a modification of the King's methodF for finding a bracketed root is presented in which the first-secant step and the auxiliary Snyder's steps are replaced by bisection steps. It is shown that modified algorithm is more effective than King's procedure. Two FORTRANIV subroutines are included.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 29 (1982), S. 373-380 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 68C25 ; 68C20 ; Analysis of algorithms ; computational complexity ; cost complexity ; Ruffini-Horner method ; polynomial evaluation ; polynomial translation ; computer algebra ; unlimited precision arithmetic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verminderung der Zahl der Multiplikationen bei der Berechnung eines Polynoms und seinen Ableitungen bringt nicht unbedingt eine entsprechende Verminderung der gesamten Berechnungskosten. In dieser Arbeit werden Kosten-Analysen einer Algorithmen-Familie vorgestellt, die alle Ableitungen eines Polynoms mit 3n−2 Multiplikationen oder Divisionen berechnet. Dies repräsentiert eine Verbesserung im Vergleich mit den klassischen Methoden, die 1/2n(n+1) Multiplikationen benötigen. Jedoch offenbart die Analyse die Gegenwart eines Ausgleichs zwischen den Kosten der Multiplikationen bzw. Divivionen und den übrigen Kosten. Dadurch bleibt die Komplexität für alle AlgorithmenO(ξ2 n 3), wie stark auch immer die Verminderung der Zahl der arithmetischen Operationen ist.
    Notes: Abstract Reducing the number of multiplications for the evaluation of a polynomial and its derivatives does not necessarily mean that one should expect a commensurate reduction of the total cost of computation. In this paper we present a cost analysis for a family of algorithms, which computes all derivatives of a polynomial in 3n−2 multiplications or divisions. This represents an improvement over the classical methods, which require 1/2n(n+1) multiplications. The analysis, however, reveals the presence of a multiplications-divisions cost trade-off due to which the cost complexity remainsO(ξ2 n 3) for all algorithms irrespective of any reduction in the number of arithmetic operations.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 181-192 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear Complementarity Problem ; Stability ; Classes of Matrices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It has been shown previously that the Linear Complementarity Problem is stable when the defining matrix is positive semidefinite and when (locally) the set of solutions is nonempty and bounded. We enlarge the class of matrices for which this is true and also demonstrate how the boundedness condition leads to other stability type questions.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 284-313 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Variational Inequality ; Complementarity ; Iterative Methods ; Convergence ; Traffic Equilibria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we study both the local and global convergence of various iterative methods for solving the variational inequality and the nonlinear complementarity problems. Included among such methods are the Newton and several successive overrelaxation algorithms. For the most part, the study is concerned with the family of linear approximation methods. These are iterative methods in which a sequence of vectors is generated by solving certain linearized subproblems. Convergence to a solution of the given variational or complementarity problem is established by using three different yet related approaches. The paper also studies a special class of variational inequality problems arising from such applications as computing traffic and economic spatial equilibria. Finally, several convergence results are obtained for some nonlinear approximation methods.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 346-352 
    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Least Absolute Values ; Chebychev Norm ; Regression ; Minimax ; Advanced Start ; Least Squares
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In exploratory data analysis and curve fitting in particular, it is often desirable to observe residual values obtained with different estimation criteria. The goal with most linear model curve-fitting procedures is to minimize, in some sense, the vector of residuals. Perhaps three of the most common estimation criteria require minimizing: the sum of the absolute residuals (least absolute value or L1 norm); the sum of the squared residuals (least squares or L2 norm); and the maximum residual (Chebychev or L∞ norm). This paper demonstrates that utilizing the least squares residuals to provide an advanced start for the least absolute value and Chebychev procedures results in a significant reduction in computational effort. Computational results are provided.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 29 (1982), S. 167-173 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: Primary 65F10 ; secondary 65N10 ; Jacobi iterative method ; preconditioning parameter ; generalized Dirichlet problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit behandelt die Anwendung von Vorkonditionierungstechniken auf das bekannte Iterationsverfahren von Jacobi zur Lösung der Differenzengleichungen, die bei der Diskretisierung selbstadjungierter elliptischer partieller Differentialgleichungen entstehen. Die Konvergenzeigenschaften dieses einparametrigen Vorkonditionnierungsverfahrens werden untersucht, die Werte des optimalen Parameters und das Verhalten der Methode werden für verschiedene Standardprobleme bestimmt.
    Notes: Abstract This paper is concerned with the application of preconditioning techniques to the well known Jacobi iterative method for solving the finite difference equations derived from the discretization of self-adjoint elliptic partial differential equations. The convergence properties of this one parameter preconditioned method are analyzed and the value of the optimum preconditioning parameter and the performance of the method determined for a variety of standard problems.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 16 (1982), S. 69-84 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract The subject of this article is a brief survey of dialectometry, which is defined according to the following equation: linguistic geography+numerical taxonomy=dialectometry. First dealt with are problems concerning the processing of raw data, the coding, scaling, measurement and compilation of the data matrix (atlas points×atlas maps). After the description of the similarity coefficient used and the compilation of the similarity matrix it will be shown how the individual vectors of the similarity matrix can be visualized in the form of choropleth maps and three-dimensional surfaces. These visualized vectors of the similarity matrix are described as similarity maps. After consideration of the usefulness of such similarity maps for genuine linguistic geography there is a discussion of other possible fields which will be opened up as a result of intensified dialectometrical research (e.g. graph theory, network theory, game theory). This article is supplemented by 9 figures, 2 tables and an extensive bibliography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 28 (1982), S. 373-378 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: The Schrödiger equation ; 65L15 ; 81C05
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für die Schrödinger-Gleichung wird eine neue exponentiell angepaßte Zweischrittmethode hergeleitet und angewendet. Die neue Methode ist für große Werte der Energie bedeutend genauer als die bekannten Methoden.
    Notes: Abstract A new two-step exponentially-fitted formula is derived and applied to the Schrödinger equation. The new method is found to significantly more accurate than the standard methods, for large values of the energy.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 16 (1982), S. 271-271 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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