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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (24)
  • 1980-1984  (24)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1982  (24)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of chemically modified cellulose towards dyeing. XIV. Behavior of cotton and crosslinked cottons before and after mercerization towards some reactive dyestuffsCorrected proofs received December 21, 1981 (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 871-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Cotton fabric was crosslinked with DMDEU by applying the Form D-Process and Form W-Process. The cotton and crosslinked cotton were then treated with caustic soda solution of mercerizing strength. The ability of cotton and crosslinked cottons to dyeing with two reactive dyes, viz. Procion Blue MRB and Procion Red HB was examined. It was found that crosslinking reduces significantly the amenability of cotton to reactive dyes particularly when the Form D-Process was applied. Mercerization enhances dyeability of all substrates, but the enhancement was much greater in the case of noncrosslinked cotton. Based on dyeing and other properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and crease recovery, it was shown that crosslinking decreases considerably the affinity of cotton to caustic soda solution. It was further anticipated that different color designs with different patterns and properties can be conferred on a given cotton fabric by making use of local crosslinking and/or mercerizing followed by dyeing.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270307
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion and corrosion inhibition in the petroleum industryInvited lecture presented at the 5th European Symposium on Corrosion Inhibition held at the University of Ferrara (Italy) on September 15-19, 1980. (1982)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion und Inhibierung in der ErdölindustrieDie Arbeit behandelt einige repräsentative Typen der durch Wasser verursachten Korrosion in verschiedenen Bereichen der Erdölindustrie. Dazu werden die grundlegenden Vorgänge untersucht, die zu diesen Korrosionsproblemen führen. Außerdem werden die Methoden erörtert, die zur Verhütung der Korrosion benutzt werden und die eine Veränderung der einwirkenden Medien und die Verwendung von Korrosionsinhibitoren zur Grundlage haben.
    Notes: This lecture reviews some representative types of aqueous corrosion problems encountered in the various facets of the petroleum industry. The fundamental processes underlying these corrosion problems are examined. In addition, commonly used methods for corrosion prevention and control which rely on modification of the corrosive environment or the use of corrosion inhibitors are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19820330302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The glucan-chitin complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. IV. The electron diffraction of crustacean and yeast cell wall chitin (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 1-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Crustacean and yeast cell wall chitin were analyzed by means of transmission electron microscopy and selected-area diffraction. Single fibrils 8-25 nm wide have been observed in the micrographs of crustacean chitin. Analysis of a series of diffraction patterns obtained from thin crustacean chitin platelets yielded results which were in a better agreement with the theoretical structural model than those measured earlier. In this respect electron diffraction is shown to be superior to the more commonly used x-ray diffraction. Yeast cell wall chitin had a less perfect structure than the crustacean chitin. Single fibrils were not observed on the micrographs and electron diffraction patterns did not show any preferred fiber orientation. The evaluation of electron-diffraction patterns of both the primary septum and the adjacent circular zone of scar ring led to the conclusion that α-chitin is present in both these parts of the mother bud scar.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360210102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polydispersion in the diameter of fibers in fibrin networks: Consequences on the measurement of mass-length ratio by permeability and turbidity (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 1037-1047 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diameters of the fibrin fibers in a clot are not uniform. Morphometric analysis of transmission electron micrographs show a bimodal distribution. The effect of polydispersity of fiber diameter on mass-length ratio calculated from the turbidity and permeability of a clot has been investigated with the aid of a two network model, the networks being called Major and Minor. The fibers in the Major network are many times thicker than those in the Minor network. In a model in which Major network fibers are 10 times thicker than fibers of the Minor network, the fibers in the Minor network make a negligible contribution to the turbidity of the clot. However, they may have a marked effect on its permeability. Experiments with clots made from human fibrinogen show that the Minor network is stabilized by α-polymer and γ-γ linkages and that without such linkages it is washed away during permeation. It remains relatively intact in crosslinked clots. In agreement with the theoretical model, when mass-length ratios calculated from the turbidity are compared with those calculated from the permeability, the latter were reduced in crosslinked clots with an intact Minor network.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360210604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional structure of actinoxanthin. IV. A 2.5-Å resolution (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 287-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The protein actinoxanthin (isolated from Actinomyces globisporus - molecular weight, 10,300; 107 amino acid residues) crystallizes in space group P212121 with cell dimensions: a = 30.9 Å, b = 48.8 Å, c = 64.1 Å, and Z = 4. The three-dimensional structure of actinoxanthin was determined by the x-ray multiple isomorphous replacement method at 2.5-Å resolution. The molecule is kidney-shaped and has a well-defined cavity. Its characteristic features are the absence of α-helices and the presence of enhanced content of antiparallel β-structure (∼55%). A cylinder-shaped formation of seven antiparallel β-strands comprises the main part of the protein structure. The established β-supersecondary structure is characterized by a three-dimensional topology similar to that of immunoglobulin domains, superoxide dismutase subunits, and azurin and plastocyanin proteins.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360210205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some kinetic features of the initial stage of the acid-catalyzed polycondensations of furfuryl alcohol and formaldehyde, 1 (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 107 (1982), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Anfangsstadium der mit Phosphorsäure katalysierten Polykondensationsreaktion von Furfurylalkohol und Formaldehyd wurde untersucht. Die Bruttokinetik von Furfurylalkohol und Formaldehyd verbrauchenden Reaktionen wurde bei verschiedener Ausgangszusammensetzung der Monomeren und bei verschiedenen Temperaturen mit Hilfe analytischer und physikalischer (GPC) Methoden untersucht. Ein brauchbares NMR-Verfahren wurde für die quantitative Bestimmung der Methylen-und Methylenether-Bindungen in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen entwickelt.
    Notes: The initial stage of the phosphoric acid-catalyzed polycondensation reaction of furfuryl alcohol and formaldehyde was studied. The overall kinetics of monomer-consuming reactions were investigated in dependence of the initial monomer ratio and the temperature by analytical and physical (GPC) methods. A Suitable NMR technique was developed to determine the quantitative change in methylene and methylene ether linkages formed under different reaction conditions.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1982.051070106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The copolymerization of vinyl chloride with 1-olefins. II. An investigation of the copolymerization reaction of vinyl chloride and propene (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2079-2090 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The conversion curve of the copolymerization of vinyl chloride with propene and the conversion curves of both monomers were determined, their initial reaction rates compared, and the copolymerization parameters determined by a method which utilizes periodical sampling of a heterogeneous reaction mixture from the reactor during the reaction and gas-chromatographic determination of unreacted monomers contained in the sample. The agreement between the final conversion values determined chromatographically and gravimetrically was evaluated by using results of a series of copolymerizations of vinyl chloride containing various amounts of propene in the initial monomeric mixture (5-30 wt %) carried out under the same conditions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270620
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress-induced chemiluminescence from nylon 66 fibers (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3999-4018 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The emission of visible light during the tensile deformation of medium- and high-tenacity nylon 66 yarns in air has been studied at strain rates of 0.63-200%/min and at temperatures of 20-110°C. Emission is observed only in an oxidative atmosphere and increases with temperature according to an Arrhenius relation. The activition energy decreases with applied stress. The intensity at any temperature can be described by the sum of a component linear with stress and another exponential in stress above ∼60% of the ultimate strength. These results and the measured spectral distribution suggest that light emission arises from bimolecular termination of alkyl peroxy macroradicals. The chemiluminescence growth curves indicate that the applied stress increases the oxidation rate of the fiber due to internal and external frictional heating while, at high strains, stress-induced main-chain scission occurs up to fiber failure. The growth curve is sensitive to the load history of the fiber. The chemiluminescence decay curves are a sensitive probe of radical reactions such as cage termination and stabilizer scavenging in the amorphous region of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271031
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Morphologie von durch Festphasen-Polykondensation synthetisierten Leiter-Polymeren (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 33 (1982), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The morphology of heterocyclic polymers obtained by thermal interaction of crystalline low-molecular compounds was investigated. Two processes characterizing the solid phase polycondensation are considered, namely the polycondensation at lower and higher temperatures than the melting temperatures of the monomers. The transformation and the morphology of the polyheteroarylenes obtained were found to depend essentially on the conditions of synthesis, e. g. temperature, time and pressure.
    Notes: Die Morphologie der bei thermischer Wechselwirkung der Kristalle niedermolekularer Ausgangsverbindungen entstehenden heterocyclischen Polymere wird betrachtet. Zwei charakteristische Polykondensationsprozesse in faster Phase werden untersucht, die Polykondensation bei niedrigerer und böherer Temperatur als die Schmelztemperatur der Monomere. Es zeigte sich, daß die Gesetzmäßigkeiten der Umwandlung und die Morphologie des erhaltenen Polyheteroarylens wesentlich von den Synthesebedingungen (Temperatur, Zeit, Druck) abhängen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1982.010330405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermo-oxidative decomposition, ignition and burning of flame-retarded polystyrenes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 6 (1982), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The theromo-oxidative decomposition, flash ignition and burning of high-impact polystyrene containing the flame-retardant system decabromodiphenyl oxide + antimony trioxide was investigated using the Setchkin apparatus combined with mass spectrometry. The time dependences of the release rate of the main products into the gas phase during decomposition and burning showed that the flame-retardants markedly influence these processes. It was found that the retardants used exhibit an acceleration of the polymer degradation and that the efficiency of inhibition in the gas phase depends on the atomic ratio antimony: bromine.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810060204
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