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  • Other Sources  (85)
  • LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)  (51)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
  • 1980-1984  (85)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1982  (85)
  • 1
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    Effect of space flight on bone strength (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To test the possibility that spaceflight has a deleterious effect on bone mechanical properties, femur breaking strength by torsional loading in rats that had been flown for 19 days aboard Cosmos 936 was determined. The results showed that femurs from flight rats were less stiff than the flight controls, and failed under torsion at a lower torque and energy of absorption. The defect was corrected following space flight and could be prevented during space flight by centrifuging the rats at 1 x g. Altered bone geometry due to inhibition of bone formation at the periosteal surface provides the most likely explanation for the decrease in bone strength during spaceflight.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: p. S-75
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Effects of hypergravity on rat liver regeneration (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of centrifugation on liver regrowth were examined by measuring mitotic activity. The results indicate that the increased gravity caused a delay in the onset of mitotic activity and a significant decrease in overall mitotic activity.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Space Gerontology; p 53-54
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  • 3
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    Evidence for arrested bone formation during spaceflight (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Addressing the question of whether the bone formed in space is unusual, the morphology of bone made at the tibial diaphysis of rats before, during, and after spaceflight is studied. Evidence of arrest lines in the bone formed in space is reported suggesting that bone formation ceases along portions of the periosteum during spaceflight. Visualized by microradiography, the arrest lines are shown to be less mineralized than the surrounding bone matrix. When viewed by scanning electron microscopy, it is seen that bone fractures more readily at the site of an arrest line. These observations are seen as suggesting that arrest lines are a zone of weakness and that their formation may result in decreased bone strength in spite of normalization of bone formation after flight. The occurrence, location, and morphology of arrest lines are seen as suggesting that they are a visible result of the phenomenon of arrested bone formation.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 4
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    Atrophy of rat skeletal muscles in simulated weightlessness (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A hypokinetic rat model was used for elucidation of the mechanism of skeletal muscle wasting which occurs in weightlessness. Rats were suspended from a back-harness with the head tilted downward and the hind limbs totally unloaded. A progressive decrease in the size of the soleus muscle from suspended rats was observed as a function of time. The rate of protein degradation of the homogenates from the soleus muscles of suspended and control animals was not significantly different. The rate of cell-free protein synthesis was severely repressed in the atrophied muscle. An initial rise in the levels of plasma glucose and corticosterone was observed on the second day of suspension, but they subsequently returned to normal values.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 5
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    Calcium transport from the intestine and into bone in a rat model simulating weightlessness (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The objective of this study was to determine whether a defect in transport of calcium in the duodenum was related to decreased bone formation in the suspended rat. Rats were suspended by the tail at a 40 deg angle for up to 15 days. Ca-45 was injected into the ligated duodenum in situ 15 minutes prior to sacrific. Blood, tibia, vertebra and humerus were obtained for total calcium and Ca-45 analyses. Intestinal calcium transport did not appear to be significantly altered by suspension. However, by 5 days of suspension a significant decrease in accumulation of Ca-45 into tibia and vertebra was observed. A trend of decreasing bone mineral and mass was established in tibia and vertebra by the fifth day of suspension. The humerus failed to demonstrate a significant weight decrease or change in Ca-45 accumulation after 15 days of suspension. Results from this simulated weightlessness model suggest that transport of calcium from intestine into bone is decreased within 5 days of suspension. This deficiency appears to be associated with a progressive decrease in total mass of non-weightbearing bones.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 6
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    Mars Orbiter Study. Volume 2: Mission Design, Science Instrument Accommodation, Spacecraft Design (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spacecraft system and subsystem designs were developed at the conceptual level to perform either of two Mars Orbiter Missions, a Climatology Mission and an Aeronomy Mission. The objectives of these missions are to obtain and return data to increase knowledge of Mars.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-166429 , NAS 1.26:166429 , REPT-82(44)00361/F1886-VOL-2
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  • 7
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    Mars Orbiter Study. Volume 1: Summary (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Spacecraft system and subsystem designs were developed at the conceptual level to perform either of two Mars orbiter missions, a climatology mission and an aeronomy mission. The HS 376 spacecraft is the basis for the design because it has the lowest cost due to its production line status. The mission design, science instrument accommodation, and spacecraft design are summarized.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-166428 , NAS 1.26:166428 , REPT-82(44)00361/F1886-VOL-1
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  • 8
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    Static calibration for measurement of loads in wind tunnel tests on Shuttle surface tiles (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A description is given of the procedures used for the static calibrations of the Coe (1981) sensor array to determine normal force, pitching moment, and rolling moment from the ensemble of sensor outputs. The use of independent data to confirm the validity of the calibration is also described. Two methods are used in calibrating the Coe sensors. In the first, calibration loads and readings are arranged in matrix form and are assumed to be related in a linear fashion. In the second, each Coe sensor reading is regarded as a sum of contributions from each of the calibration loads. It is shown that the Coe load sensors, in conjunction with either of two data analysis methods, can be used to determine the forces and moments experienced by a Shuttle TPS tile.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA PAPER 82-0754 , In: Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference; May 10, 1982 - May 12, 1982; New Orleans, LA
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  • 9
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    Origin and evolution of osmoregulatory mechanisms in blue-green algae as a function of metabolic and structural complexity: Reflections of precambrian paleobiology (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Twenty-four of the twenty-nine cyanobacteria proposed for culture were successfully cultured. Betaines are discussed.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: NASA-CR-169929 , NAS 1.26:169929
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  • 10
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    Systems evaluation of thermal bus concepts (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Thermal bus concepts, to provide a centralized thermal utility for large, multihundred kilowatt space platforms, were studied and the results are summarized. Concepts were generated, defined, and screened for inclusion in system level thermal bus trades. Parametric trade studies were conducted in order to define the operational envelope, performance, and physical characteristics of each. Two concepts were selected as offering the most promise for thermal bus development. All of four concepts involved two phase flow in order to meet the required isothermal nature of the thermal bus. Two of the concepts employ a mechanical means to circulate the working fluid, a liquid pump in one case and a vapor compressor in another. Another concept utilizes direct osmosis as the driving force of the thermal bus. The fourth concept was a high capacity monogroove heat pipe. After preliminary sizing and screening, three of these concepts were selected to carry into the trade studies. The monogroove heat pipe concept was deemed unsuitable for further consideration because of its heat transport limitations. One additional concept utilizing capillary forces to drive the working fluid was added. Parametric system level trade studies were performed. Sizing and weight calculations were performed for thermal bus sizes ranging from 5 to 350 kW and operating temperatures in the range of 4 to 120 C. System level considerations such as heat rejection and electrical power penalties and interface temperature losses were included in the weight calculations.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: NASA-CR-167774 , NAS 1.26:167774 , REPT-2-53200/2R-53050
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