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  • GEOPHYSICS  (156)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (51)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (207)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1982  (207)
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  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (207)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A diode-laser-based, ultrahigh resolution IR heterodyne spectrometer for laboratory and field use has been developed for operation between 7.5 and 8.5 microns. The local oscillator is a PbSe tunable diode laser kept continuously at operating temperatures of 12-60 K using a closed-cycle cooler. The laser output frequency is controlled and stabilized using a high-precision diode current supply, constant temperature controller, and a shock isolator mounted between the refrigerator cold tip and the diode mount. The system largely employs reflecting optics to minimize losses from internal reflection and absorption and to eliminate chromatic effects. Spectral analysis of the diode-laser output between 0 and 1 GHz reveals excess noise at many diode current settings, which limits the IR spectral regions over which useful heterodyne operation can be achieved. Observations have been made of atmospheric N2O, O3, and CH4 between 1170 and 1200/cm, using both a single-frequency swept IF channel and a 64-channel RF spectral line receiver with a total IF coverage of 1600 MHz.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Jan. 15
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A ground based search for the 856.50137/cm R(9.5) and for the 859.76765 R(12.5) transitions of stratospheric (Cl-35)O was made in the solar absorption mode using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected, at about 0.3% absorption levels. The expected lines of ClO in this same region were not detected, even though the optical depth of the ClO lines should be on the order of 0.2% using currently accepted ClO abundances. These infrared measurements suggest that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of 7 less abundant than is indicated by indirect in situ fluorescence measurements, and the upper limit of 2.4x10 to the 13th power molecules/sq cm to the integrated column density of ClO is a factor of over 4 less than is indicted by microwave measurements. Results imply that the release of fluorocarbon precursors of ClO may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone than was previously thought.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-83939 , NAS 1.15:83939
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A computer automated data acquisition system for atmospheric emittance, and global solar, downwelled diffuse solar, and direct solar irradiances is discussed. Hourly-integrated global solar and atmospheric emitted radiances were measured continuously from February 1981 and hourly-integrated diffuse solar and direct solar irradiances were measured continuously from October 1981. One-minute integrated data are available for each of these components from February 1982. The results of the correlation of global insolation with fractional cloud cover for the first year's data set. A February data set, composed of one-minute integrated global insolation and direct solar irradiance, cloud cover fractions, meteorological data from nearby weather stations, and GOES East satellite radiometric data, was collected to test the theoretical model of satellite radiometric data correlation and develop the cloud dependence for the local measurement site.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-169272 , NAS 1.26:169272
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Contours and gridded values are given for seven years of monthly mean total ozone data derived from observations with the Backscattered Ultraviolet instrument on Nimbus-4 for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The instrument, algorithm, uncertainties in derived ozone and systematic changes in the bias with respect to the international groundbased ozone network of Dobson instruments, are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1098 , NAS 1.61:1098 , REPT-82F0128-VOL-1
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is a passive technique employing coherent optical detection for the study of spectral features in remote sources. It employs optical components such as mirrors and lenses normally associated with incoherent optics, but because of it's coherent nature, it offers the advantages of ultrahigh spectral resolving power, high frequency precision, and diffraction limited field-of-view. Attention is given to the development of an ultrahigh resolution diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for observational and laboratory use. The instrument is designed for operation in the spectral range from 7.5 to 8.5 microns. A PbSe tuneable diode laser (TDL) is employed as local oscillator. A closed-cycle cooler is employed to keep the oscillator at operating temperatures in the range from 12 to 60 K. Attention is given to factors determining the TDL heterodyne sensitivity, the spectrometer design, and a survey of 8 micron observations, SiO could be detected in the sunspot spectrum.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy IV; Fourth Conference; Mar 08, 1982 - Mar 10, 1982; Tucson, AZ
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Characteristics of an earthward movement of the magnetopause caused by the arrival of an interplanetary shockwave are derived from data acquired by the GEOS 1 spacecraft on July 29, 1977. Data were taken on electric field, plasma, magnetic field, energetic particles, and composition before, during, and after leaving the magnetopause. Correlative examinations were made with information gathered by the IMP 7, IMP 8, and ATS 6 satellites. The magnetopause was found to move earthward at 95 km/sec and had a thickness of 500 km. The existence of three different regions is postulated, one with field lines connected directly to the earth, the magnetosphere, a second, the magnetosheath, with no magnetic field line connection to the earth, and a thir; with one end of the field lines connected to the earth and the other to the interplanetary medium, called the transition region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During the planning stage for the International Magnetospheric Study (IMS), it was stressed that coordinated observations among various satellites and among satellite, ground-based, balloon, and rocket (GBR) experiments were essential in obtaining the required observational data base. In the course of operating the Satellite Situation Center (SSC), it was found to be desirable to assemble a problem-oriented digital data base, consisting of a large number of physical parameters obtained from satellite and GBR sensors, in a computer system which would permit a large number of scientists to manipulate, display, discuss, study and analyze the data together in a coordinated manner. It was felt that such a process might shorten the time required to gain full scientific understanding of the observations. This approach was called the Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop (CDAW) process. Attention is given to the preliminary concept, the the initial implementation of the CDAW process, and aspects of subsequent evolution.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Double-spacecraft observations presented suggest that growth phase phenomena are widespread in the outer magnetosphere and can occur simultaneously at nightside locations 4-5 hours apart in local time. Evidence is also adduced from multiple-spacecraft data and comprehensive magnetometer and riometer data against the concept that growth phase features are not generally due to substorm activity at other locations in the auroral or polar regions. A close relationship is noted between putative energy input to the magnetosphere and the sensitive response of the magnetic field and energetic particles at pre- and near-midnight geostationary orbit locations. This relationship is shown explicitly for the cases of three event periods. Data are also presented which suggest that growth phase features at synchronous orbit can be strictly controlled by IMF orientations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 1
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Vertical profiles of upper-atmosphere temperature and density over northern Europe constructed from data obtained in November and December 1980, as part of the Energy Budget Campaign, are presented and discussed. Temperature sondes, passive spheres, accelerometers, mass and IR spectrometers, and density gauges were rocket launched from ESRANGE, Sweden and Andoya, Norway; the data are combined with ground measurements to construct 20-120-km-altitude profiles for night periods of severe, moderate, and minimal geomagnetic storm activity. The profiles are compared with each other and with the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere (USSA). In the temperature profiles, increased geomagnetic activity is associated with lower temperatures and flattened profiles in the stratopause region, and higher temperatures in the 70-90-km range. The density profiles show a variation of less than about 15 percent, except for a 25-percent range for the moderate-geomagnetic-activity period. The inferred wavelengths and periods are those expected for internal gravity waves at this altitude, and the divergence from USSA is accounted for by season and latitude dependence.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Sensitivity studies using thermal models indicated sources of errors in the determination of thermal inertia from HCMM data. Apparent thermal inertia, with only simple atmospheric radiance corrections to the measured surface temperature, would be sufficient for most operational requirements for surface thermal inertia. Thermal data does have additional information about the nature of surface material that is not available in visible and near infrared reflectance data. Color composites of daytime temperature, nighttime temperature, and albedo were often more useful than thermal inertia images alone for discrimination of lithologic boundaries. A modeling study, using the annual heating cycle, indicated the feasibility of looking for geologic features buried under as much as a meter of alluvial material. The spatial resolution of HCMM data is a major limiting factor in the usefulness of the data for geologic applications. Future thermal infrared satellite sensors should provide spatial resolution comparable to that of the LANDSAT data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-173211 , JPL-PUB-83-56 , NAS 1.26:173211
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