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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (131)
  • 1985-1989  (80)
  • 1980-1984  (51)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1985  (80)
  • 1982  (51)
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  • 1985-1989  (80)
  • 1980-1984  (51)
  • 1970-1974
Year
  • 1
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    An intercomparison of nitric oxide measurement techniques (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results from an intercomparison of techniques to measure tropospheric levels of nitric oxide (NO) are discussed. The intercomparison was part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Global Tropospheric Experiment and was conducted at Wallops Island, VA, in July 1983. Instruments intercompared included a laser-induced fluorescence system and two chemiluminescence instruments. The intercomparisons were performed with ambient air at NO mixing ratios ranging from 10 to 60 pptv and NO-enriched ambient air at mixing ratios from 20 to 170 pptv. All instruments sampled from a common manifold. The techniques exhibited a high degree of correlation among themselves and with changes in the NO mixing ratio. Agreement among the three techniques was placed at approximately + or - 30 percent. Within this level of agreement, no artifacts or species interferences were identified.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 2
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    Tunable diode-laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A diode-laser-based, ultrahigh resolution IR heterodyne spectrometer for laboratory and field use has been developed for operation between 7.5 and 8.5 microns. The local oscillator is a PbSe tunable diode laser kept continuously at operating temperatures of 12-60 K using a closed-cycle cooler. The laser output frequency is controlled and stabilized using a high-precision diode current supply, constant temperature controller, and a shock isolator mounted between the refrigerator cold tip and the diode mount. The system largely employs reflecting optics to minimize losses from internal reflection and absorption and to eliminate chromatic effects. Spectral analysis of the diode-laser output between 0 and 1 GHz reveals excess noise at many diode current settings, which limits the IR spectral regions over which useful heterodyne operation can be achieved. Observations have been made of atmospheric N2O, O3, and CH4 between 1170 and 1200/cm, using both a single-frequency swept IF channel and a 64-channel RF spectral line receiver with a total IF coverage of 1600 MHz.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Applied Optics; 21; Jan. 15
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A ground-based experimental test program to duplicate and study the spacecraft glow phenomenon (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The use of a plasma device, the Advanced Concepts Torus-I, for producing atoms and molecules to study spacecraft glow mechanisms is discussed. A biased metal plate, located in the plasma edge, is used to accelerate and neutralize plasma ions, thus generating a neutral beam with a flux approx. 5 x 10 to the 14th power/sq cm/sec at the end of a drift tube. Our initial experiments are to produce a 10 eV molecular and atomic nitrogen beam directed onto material targets. Photon emission in the spectral range 2000 to 9000 A from excited species formed on the target surface will be investigated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center 2d Workshop on Spacecraft Glow; p 202-211
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Tunable diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for remote observations near 8 microns (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is a passive technique employing coherent optical detection for the study of spectral features in remote sources. It employs optical components such as mirrors and lenses normally associated with incoherent optics, but because of it's coherent nature, it offers the advantages of ultrahigh spectral resolving power, high frequency precision, and diffraction limited field-of-view. Attention is given to the development of an ultrahigh resolution diode laser heterodyne spectrometer for observational and laboratory use. The instrument is designed for operation in the spectral range from 7.5 to 8.5 microns. A PbSe tuneable diode laser (TDL) is employed as local oscillator. A closed-cycle cooler is employed to keep the oscillator at operating temperatures in the range from 12 to 60 K. Attention is given to factors determining the TDL heterodyne sensitivity, the spectrometer design, and a survey of 8 micron observations, SiO could be detected in the sunspot spectrum.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in astronomy IV; Fourth Conference; Mar 08, 1982 - Mar 10, 1982; Tucson, AZ
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  • 5
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    A 2-lambda laser-induced flurorescence field instrument for ground-based and airborne measurements of atmospheric OH (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: A number of techniques have been proposed for detecting atmospheric OH radicals. Of these, the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique has been used by the largest number of investigators. One of the problems arising in connection with the implementation of this technique is related to the perturbing effect of the UV (lambda approximately 282 nm) laser beam used for OH monitoring, while another problem relates to signal extraction. Several new LIF approaches have been or are currently under development with the objective to bring both problems under control. The present paper deals with the experimental features of one of these new approaches. The considered approach is referred to as 2-lambda laser-induced fluorescence (2-lambda LIF). It is shown that the 2-lambda LIF system provides significant advantages over earlier 1-lambda LIF OH measurement instruments operating at ambient pressure.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 6
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    A two-photon laser-induced fluorescence field instrument for ground-based and airborne measurements of atmospheric NO (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper reports on a new two-photon laser-induced fluorescence (TP-LIF) sensor capable of making routine measurements at the few parts per trillion volume level. This direct spectroscopic detection method has been demonstrated to be a reliable instrument while performing both on the ground and in the air. As currently designed it is unique in being 'signal' rather than 'signal-to-noise' limited. The latter characteristic enables the TP-LIF sensor to make atmospheric measurements of NO under environmental conditions that might normally be considered unsuitable for a laser technique. These include clouds, rain, and, in general, high-atmospheric-aerosol loading conditions. Of special interest is the insensitivity of the TP-LIF NO instrument to changes in pressure while operating in the troposphere. This characteristic has enabled this sensor to be used to record real-time altitude profiles of NO. Future improvements should make possible two measurement opportunities: (1) NO flux measurements via the airborne eddy-correlation method and (2) nitrogen isotopic distribution measurements (e.g., (N-15)(0-16) versus (N-14)(0-16) as a means of identifying specific NO(x) sources.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 7
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    An FIR cooled grating spectrometer for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The design and performance of a liquid-He-cooled spectrometer being developed for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) to study FIR lines originating in the interstellar medium are discussed. Currently, the spectrometer contains six Ge:Ga photoconductor detectors mounted in integrating cavities and cooled to about 3 K; the collimator focal plane has space for 39 such detectors. The instrument achieves a maximum resolving power of 6000 by means of a 45-cm long echelle grating and is optically capable of operating in the spectral range 25-300 microns. A laboratory spectrum of water vapor, an atmospheric water absorption feature measured from the KAO with Mars as a source, and the forbidden O(2+) emission from W51-IRS1 are shown.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Infrared Physics (ISSN 0020-0891); 25; 513-515
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  • 8
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    Operational overview of Wallops Island instrument intercomparison - Carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl instrumentation (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: NASA has initiated the Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) for the study of the chemistry of the global troposphere. One phase of GTE, Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation (CITE), is concerned with the development and validation of measurement techniques for trace species which play important roles in the tropospheric chemical cycles. In connection with CITE 1 an intercomparison of instruments is conducted for the measurement of CO, NO, and OH. These species have been identified as critical for an understanding of homogeneous gas-phase chemistry in the troposphere. The present paper provides an operational overview of the first of three instrument intercomparison field missions conducted as part of GTE/CITE 1. The missions include one ground-based and two airborne missions, and were designed to characterize current capability of measuring ambient levels of CO, NO, and OH.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 12
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  • 9
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    Enhancement of X-ray performance with new GEC charged coupled devices (CCD) (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Samples of two GEC charge coupled devices with enhanced X-ray performance have been tested. The P8607, fabricated with reduced linear dimensions, gives the lowest detector noise reported for Fe-55 with a CCD. The deep depletion device P8600-HR gives the best combination of energy resolution and quantum efficiency at 6 keV. The energy resolution vs quantum efficiency trade-off curve are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 10
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    Advanced Moisture and Temperature Sounder (AMTS) study (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Retrieval of tropospheric humidity profiles from satellite-based upwelling radiances are shown to be improved by using physical methods for obtaining first-guess profiles as well as for inverting the radiative transfer equation by relaxation. The first guess is based on an empirically verified hypothesis, from theoretical considerations, that the brightness temperature corresponding to the radiance should be approximately equal to the actual temperatue at a channel-invariant optical depth provided that the surface and stratospheric contributions to the radiance are small. Even greater improvement of retrieved humidity profiles can be accomplished by increasing the number of channels used and by selecting their spectral location and bandpass to obtain sharper independent weighting functions. For example, the AMTS system, with high resolution water channels at 1650, 1700, 1839, 1850 and 1930 cm, is shown to be capable of reducing the retrieved water vapor errors in 200 mb thick layers by a factor of two or three relative to the HIRS-2 system errors. Expected AMTS errors in tropical layer water content are particularly low, less than 20% at all levels, and of the order of 10% or less in the middle troposphere.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-177833 , NAS 1.26:177833
    Format: application/pdf
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