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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer Assisted Structural Interpretation of Mass Spectral DataPart XXXVI of the series ‘Application of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference’. For part XXXV see [1]. (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 64 (1981), S. 458-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An interactive system of programs has been developed to assist in structure elucidation based on mass spectral data. The program relies on algorithms for generating all the structural isomers that constitute alternative explanations of the observed data and it associates relative plausibility values with the different isomers. The structure assembly part of the program allows for the use of overlapping substructural components, such as substructures inferred from the appearance of particular ion patterns in the spectrum of an unknown compound. Mass spectrum interpretation procedures used with this structure assembly process could exploit any form of spectrum-substructure correlation scheme. In this work, the emphasis has been on the use of detailed and class specific spectrum-substructure correlations. Applications of the program are illustrated by means of an example analysis of the mass spectra of a variety of marine sterols.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19810640210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proton NMR studies of the histidine residues and of bound ATP on rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 20 (1981), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The imidazole C-2 proton NMR signals of six of the 14 histidine residues per subunit of pyruvate kinase (Mr = 237,000) are detected at 250 MHz using 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion, and their pK′ values have been determined. One of these residues [his (3)] is very near the binding site of the divalent cation activator as indicated by a Mg2+-induced decrease in its pK′ in the presence of K+ and P-enolpyruvate, and by the selective paramagnetic effects of the activator Ni2+ or the substrate β,γ-bidentate CrATP on the relaxation rates of the his (3) signal. Another histidine residue [his (2)] is near the adenine portion of the nucleotide substrate binding site as indicated by paramagnetic broadening by CrATP of the his (2) signal, a nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) on the adenine H-2 proton of enzyme-bound MgATP upon irradiation of the his (2) signal, and the loss of ATP binding detected kinetically, after selective chemical modification of his (2) as detected by NMR. Intermolecular NOE studies of enzyme-bound MgATP indicate the distance between the adenine H-8 proton and the ribose protons of the substrate to increase in the order H2′ = H3′ ≤ H5′ 〈 H1′ 〈 H4′. These findings are in good agreement with the conformation of enzyme-bound ATP previously and independently determined by distances from Mn2+ at the active site to the protons of ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.560200721
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static and periodic infinite solid elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 503-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in ring opening polymerisation, 6Part 5: cf.1.. Tertiary base initiated polymerisation of 5-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2,4-dione (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 313-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: 5-Phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2,4-dione (the anhydrocarboxylate derivative of mandelic acid) has been shown to undergo polymerisation in the presence of tertiary organic bases such as pyridine in a reaction that has somewhat unusual characteristics. Thus, although the reaction in nitrobenzene shows first-order kinetic dependence on both monomer and pyridine over a reasonable concentration range, the pyridine is not consumed and does not appear to control the molecular weight of the resultant polymer. The most important factor in controlling molecular weight is the presence of adventitious moisture which enters into the polymerisation process producing poly-α-esters that are hydroxyl/carboxyl terminated. The rate of polymerisation increases progressively as pyridine is replaced by 2-methylpyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine but decreases dramatically when 2-methoxypyridine is used, indicating the importance of the basicity of the attacking species. The results are interpreted in terms of the interaction of the basic nitrogen and the C-4 ring carbonyl leading to the formation of a transient charge transfer complex which subsequently decomposes to form pyridine, carbon dioxide and the α-lactone. The chain growth process involves the interaction of the α-lactone with any nucleophiles present which control the molecular weight and nature of the end groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of naked persulfate, 3Part 2: cf.2.. Phase transfer free radical reactions: polymerization of acrylic monomers in organic solution using potassium peroxydisulfate in the presence of quaternary ammonium salts (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 701-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820243
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal acetylacetonates as latent accelerators for anhydridehyphen;cured epoxy resins (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 979-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Twenty-two metal acetylacetonate compounds have been evaluated as possible latent accelerators for epoxy-anhydride solventless resins. Experimental data have revealed that titanium (IV) oxyacetylacetonate, chromium (III), zirconium (IV), cobalt (III), and cobalt (II) acetylacetonates are particularly effective with anhydride cured epoxy resins. When added to the resin at a level of 0.05-0.10% (w/w), they provide very fast gel times at 150-175°C combined with very good storage stabilities (〉 six months) at room temperature. The power factor values of cured resin samples, containing these preferred metal acetylacetonates, have been found to be between 2.0 and 2.5% at 150°C and 60 Hz. Correlation between the catalytic effectiveness of these metal acetylacetonates, as latent accelerators for epoxy-anhydride resins, and their thermal stabilities suggest that decomposition products may be the active species responsible for initiating polymerization in epoxyanhydride resin systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260320
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An outdoor biophotolytic system using the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica B629 (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 213-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica B629 was suspended in small glass beds and incubated in a gas-tight glass vessel outdoors under a gas atmosphere comprising carbon monoxide (0.2%), acetylene (5%), oxygen (6.5%), and nitrogen. The solution phase initially contained sodium bicarbonate (10mM) at pH 7. Under these conditions the organism continuously produced hydrogen gas for over three weeks. The temperature of the culture was maintained below 30°C and minimum night temperatures were recorded. The vessel was covered by a shadecloth, which reduced the natural illumination by approximately 70%. The system is an alternative to those requiring the strict absence of oxygen and little nitrogen, and requires virtually no attention during the incubation period.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fused silica capillary column GC/MS for the analysis of priority pollutants (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 366-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS ; Capillary columns, fused silica ; Priority pollutants ; Quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Operational characteristics have been determined for fused silica capillary column (FSCC) GC/MS as applied to “extractable” priority polutants. Chromatographic data show excellent relative retention time (RRT) intralaboratory precision and interlaboratory accuracy when multiple internal standards are empolyed. Potential chromatographic problems, such as column overload and “double peaking”, are addressed. Response factor relative standard deviations (RSD) at 50 ng for most of the extractable priority pollutants over the long term indicated precise determination (i.e. RSD generally ≤ 10%). Linearity was demonstrated over two orders of magnitude for FSCC GC/MS analysis of compounds with relatively low and high RF (response factor) values. Potential quantitative problems, such as saturation, are discussed. For certain aromatic priority pollutants interlaboratory RF agreement was observed. This was noted as perhaps the most important property of FSCC GC/MS analysis when the multiple internal standard approach is utilized. Determinations of extractable priority pollutants are directly compared for paced column GC/MS and FSCC GC/MS analysis of separate and composited extracts. For six extracts analyzed in triplicate, the latter configuration was shown to produce more consistent results. In view of the superior analysis logistics of composite extract FSCC GC/MS analysis, this approach was established as the preferred method for the analysis of priority pollutants classified as extractable.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240040803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample memory effects on reversed phase columns (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 4 (1981), S. 654-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Memory effects ; Sample solvent ; Peak broadening ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240041213
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of 18/8 type stainless steel in high pressure CO2/2% CO (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Oxidation von 18/8 Stählen in Kohlendioxid + 2% Kohlenmonoxid bei hohem DruckDie Oxidation verschiedener 18/8 Stähle in Gemischen aus Kohlendioxid und 2% Kohlenmonoxid wurde im Temperaturbereich 550 bis 650°C durch intermittierende Messung der Gewichtszunahme, metallographische Untersuchung, Fraktographie und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie verfolgt. Schon in einem frühen Oxidationsstadium entsteht eine Duplex-Zunderschicht. Die Gewichtszunahme/Zeit-Kurven zeigen zwei Prozeßstufen, und zwar ein Anfangsstadium, das sich exponentiell dem zweiten langsameren Stadium annähert. Die Geschwindigkeit der Duplex-Zunderbildung zeigte nicht die übliche Temperaturabhängigkeit; indessen wurde bei etwa 600°C ein Maximum der Geschwindigkeit festgestellt. Die sekundären Verzunderungsgeschwindigkeiten waren bei 650 und 550°C deutlich zu erkennen und lagen bei der niedrigeren Temperatur höher. Im Zunder traten verschiedene Spinelle auf. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit der Annahme gedeutet, daß Kationendiffusion durch verschiedene innere Spinelle der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt ist.
    Notes: The oxidation of a variety of 18/8 stainless steels in high pressure CO2/2% CO has been followed in the temperature range 550-650°C using intermittent weight gain measurement metallography, fractography and scanning electron microscopy. Duplex scales formed at an early stage of oxidation. The weight gain curves were analysed in terms of a two stage process, the initial stage exponentially approaching a slower secondary stage. The primary rate of duplex scale formation did not show the usual temperature dependence. Rather a maximum in the rate was observed at ∼600°C. Secondary rates were well established at 650°C and 550°C the secondary rate at 550°C, however, being higher than that at 650°C. Various spinels occurred and the results are explained in terms of the rate controlling process being cation diffusion through different inner spinels.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320102
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