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  • Springer  (33)
  • Springer Nature  (11)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11)
  • Oxford University Press  (3)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984  (58)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1981  (58)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transit funding: Implications of federal aid strategies (1981)
    Springer
    Transportation 10 (1981), S. 3-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Federal funding strategies greatly affect investment in urban transportation facilities in the United States. This analysis concentrates on the implications of varying federal aid matching requirements, structuring aid programs as categorical or block grants, and allo cating funds on a discretionary basis or according to formula. Toward this end the effects of recent federal transit aid arrangements are assessed. Increased federal matching share broadens program participation, especially among smaller cities. However, when offered a choice, communities' preference for more generous federal aid shares is tempered by their election of discretionary grants (e.g., Urban Mass Transportation Administration - UMTA - Section 3) instead of drawing on formula funds (e.g., UMTA Section 5 or highway fund transfers). Formula funds are easier to administer, distributed quite evenly in the UMTA case, and generally more suitable than discretionary funds except where expenditures are large relative to budgets. Categorical aid programs shift local priorities, and thus should be used with caution Overall, results suggest that one must begin with established transportation objectives against which to evaluate the effectiveness of funding arrangements. In particular, it is critical to make clear the rationale for federal involvement in funding specific programs. Four such federal funding intents are distinguished: compelling national interest, regional development, stimulation of recipient investment in the given program, or financial relief for the aid recipient. Conclusions are drawn as to the desirability of various funding policies according to such program intent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00165614
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On factoring the polyvariance operator (1981)
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 14 (1981), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The minimum phase factorization of bounded Hermitian operators (covariance operators) is an essential ingredient in linear filtering and stochastic control. In a recent article the author studied an analogous class of polynomic filtering and stochastic control problems. The present study uses the concept of a Hilbert scale to establish a minimum phase factorization procedure for the polynomic setting. The linear theory is carried over in its entirety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01752390
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resource partitioning of space and its relationship to body temperature in Anolis lizard populations (1981)
    Springer
    Oecologia 50 (1981), S. 256-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An index is introduced that allows both the use and availability of space as a resource to be quantified in a manner that parallels the way that the use and availability of food resources are quantified in community ecology. This index provides the ‘resource axis’ for space resources that pertains to the thermal implications of micro-climate. The index is called the Grey Body Temperature Index (GBTI) and it is the equilibrium temperature that an inanimate reference object attains in the space being quantified. For this study the inanimate reference object is a grey lizard-shaped object weighing 5 grams. Formulae to calculate the GBTI from measurements of air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation are derived from an energy balance equation. The technique is illustrated with Anolis lizard populations from Grenada and St. Kitts. It is shown that the two lizard species in Grenada partition space as a resource with respect to GBTI and that the two species in St. Kitts do not. The determination of the availability of space along the GBTI axis is illustrated for a site in St. Maarten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348048
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of SV40 transformed human fibroblast cytoplasmic thymidine kinase by ATP (1981)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 35 (1981), S. 59-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Human fibroblast cytoplasmic thymidine kinase is stabilized by ATP. Sedimentation in sucrose gradients shows that in the presence of ATP, cytoplasmic thymidine kinase has a higher molecular weight (54 000) than in the absence of ATP (28 000). Removal of ATP by dialysis results in the loss of enzyme activity. The subsequent addition of ATP restores activity following a second order time course. These results are interpreted to indicate that in a human fibroblast cell line, transformed by SV40 virus, cytoplasmic thymidine kinase is a dimer in the presence of ATP, but a less active monomer in its absence. Mitochondrial thymidine kinase from the same cell line is not affected by ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358189
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state extrusion of nylons 11 and 12: processing, morphology and properties (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1458-1470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Monofilaments of poly(11-amino-undecanoic acid) (nylon 11), and poly(laurylactam) (nylon 12) have been produced using solid-state extrusion methods in an Instron capillary rheometer. The resulting morphology, physical and mechanical properties were investigated. For nylon 11, at an extrusion ratio (ER) of 12, the crystalline melting-point temperature increased by 16° C, over the undrawn material, while the per cent crystallinity,X c, increased by 23%. Nylon 12, extruded to a maximum ER of 6, realized an increase inT m of 4° C at ER=5 and anX c increase of 14%. Young's modulus for nylon 11 increased from 3 GPa at an ER=3 to 5.5 GPa at an ER=7 and levelled off at greater ER. For nylon 12, the Young's modulus climbed from 2.5 GPa at ER=3 to about 3.3 GPa at E R=5.5. Conventionally melt-spun and cold-drawn nylon 11 and nylon 12 fibres exhibited Young's modulus values of 2.7 GPa and 2.9 GPa respectively. Atmospheric moisture loss was found not to affect solid-state extrusion of these higher nylons. Increases in extrusion temperature and/or pressure increased the extrusion rate. The flow activation energy of nylon 11 was 73 kcal mol−1 at 0.24 GPa extrusion pressure, and 124 kcal mol−1 at 0.49 GPa extrusion pressure. Calculated apparent viscosities were about 1014 poise and 1015 poise, respectively. The morphologies were shown by electron microscopy to be microfibrillar and the resulting monofilaments were transparent to visible light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553959
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid-state extrusion of nylons 11 and 12: processing, morphology and properties (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1458-1470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Monofilaments of poly(11-amino-undecanoic acid) (nylon 11), and poly(laurylactam) (nylon 12) have been produced using solid-state extrusion methods in an Instron capillary rheometer. The resulting morphology, physical and mechanical properties were investigated. For nylon 11, at an extrusion ratio (ER) of 12, the crystalline melting-point temperature increased by 16° C, over the undrawn material, while the per cent crystallinity,X c, increased by 23%. Nylon 12, extruded to a maximum ER of 6, realized an increase inT m of 4° C at ER=5 and anX c increase of 14%. Young's modulus for nylon 11 increased from 3 GPa at an ER=3 to 5.5 GPa at an ER=7 and levelled off at greater ER. For nylon 12, the Young's modulus climbed from 2.5 GPa at ER=3 to about 3.3 GPa at E R=5.5. Conventionally melt-spun and cold-drawn nylon 11 and nylon 12 fibres exhibited Young's modulus values of 2.7 GPa and 2.9 GPa respectively. Atmospheric moisture loss was found not to affect solid-state extrusion of these higher nylons. Increases in extrusion temperature and/or pressure increased the extrusion rate. The flow activation energy of nylon 11 was 73 kcal mol−1 at 0.24 GPa extrusion pressure, and 124 kcal mol−1 at 0.49 GPa extrusion pressure. Calculated apparent viscosities were about 1014 poise and 1015 poise, respectively. The morphologies were shown by electron microscopy to be microfibrillar and the resulting monofilaments were transparent to visible light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396864
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The renal toxicity of some halogenated derivatives of propane in the rat (1981)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 68 (1981), S. 98-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047236
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food sharing by sibling vs nonsibling spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) (1981)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 8 (1981), S. 207-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In comparison to paired unfamiliar unrelated age-mates, pairs of familiar littermate (sibling) spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) were more active in exploring a novel environment containing limited food resources and engaged in a greater degree of cooperative feeding or food sharing. When animals born in successive litters were tested, however, familiar siblings did not differ from unfamiliar nonsiblings on measures of food sharing even though subsequent data indicate that such siblings could recognize one another. Young animals were found to feed for longer periods of time than their older cagemate regardless of whether the latter animal was a familiar sibling or an unfamiliar nonsibling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299832
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foragers of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex owyheei: a disposable caste? (1981)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 9 (1981), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Exterior workers of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex owyheei, were subdivided into forager, defender and refuse worker behavior roles (Fig. 2). Exterior workers comprised approximately 16% of the total colony population with interior workers comprising the remainder. 2. An average of less than 10% of the total worker population foraged (Table 1). Studies of role changes comfirmed a general one-way progression from interior workers to defenders to foragers (Fig. 5). The average longevity of foragers was about 14 days. As interior workers progressed toward foraging, their dry weights declined approximately 40% (Fig. 3) and mandible wear increased (Table 2). 3. Based on these results, we propose that P. owyheei has evolved a disposable forager strategy that tolerates high forager mortality. The large reservoir of interior workers required by this strategy may also inhibit the evolution of physically specialized interior worker castes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299879
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced recombination between F42lac and λplac5: Dependence on F42lac fertility functions (1981)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 184 (1981), S. 355-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary F42lac recombination with λplac5is normally twentyfold to fiftyfold higher than recombination between λplac5 and a chromosomal lac gene. The presence of an fi + R1 plasmid in the same cells as F42lac dramatically reduces this enhanced recombination level while the fi - R1drd19 plasmid has little effect. When F42lac traJ90 is tested in a sup + strain, it shows a sharp reduction in recombination with λplac5 that can be largely reversed by the presence of a supF mutation that partially suppresses the traJ90 nonsense mutation. It is concluded that the enhanced recombination between F42lac and λplac5 is largely dependent on the constitutive expression of F42lac fertility functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352504
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