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  • 1
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    Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature, Nature Publishing Group, 493(7433), pp. 489-494, ISSN: 0028-0836
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-18
    Description: Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (‘NEEM’) ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 ± 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 ± 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 ± 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular cloning and organization of two leghaemoglobin genomic sequences of soybean (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 289 (1981), S. 516-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Double-stranded cDNA prepared to nodule RNA was digested with Sau3A restriction endonuclease and ligated into the BamHl site of the plasmid pBR322 (see Fig. 1 legend). Clones containing Lb sequences were identified by their ability to hybridize with soybean root nodule cDNA, by their hybridization ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/289516a0
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  • 3
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    Pan genome of the phytoplankton Emiliania underpins its global distribution (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 499 (7457). pp. 209-213.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Description: Coccolithophores have influenced the global climate for over 200 million years. These marine phytoplankton can account for 20 per cent of total carbon fixation in some systems. They form blooms that can occupy hundreds of thousands of square kilometres and are distinguished by their elegantly sculpted calcium carbonate exoskeletons (coccoliths), rendering them visible from space. Although coccolithophores export carbon in the form of organic matter and calcite to the sea floor, they also release CO 2 in the calcification process. Hence, they have a complex influence on the carbon cycle, driving either CO 2 production or uptake, sequestration and export to the deep ocean. Here we report the first haptophyte reference genome, from the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi strain CCMP1516, and sequences from 13 additional isolates. Our analyses reveal a pan genome (core genes plus genes distributed variably between strains) probably supported by an atypical complement of repetitive sequence in the genome. Comparisons across strains demonstrate that E. huxleyi, which has long been considered a single species, harbours extensive genome variability reflected in different metabolic repertoires. Genome variability within this species complex seems to underpin its capacity both to thrive in habitats ranging from the equator to the subarctic and to form large-scale episodic blooms under a wide variety of environmental conditions. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Sea Surface Temperature of the mid-Piacenzian Ocean: A Data-Model Comparison (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 3(2013), ISSN: 2045-2322
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The mid-Piacenzian climate represents the most geologically recent interval of long-term average warmth relative to the last million years, and shares similarities with the climate projected for the end of the 21st century. As such, it represents a natural experiment from which we can gain insight into potential climate change impacts, enabling more informed policy decisions for mitigation and adaptation. Here, we present the first systematic comparison of Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) between an ensemble of eight climate model simulations produced as part of PlioMIP (Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project) with the PRISM (Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping) Project mean annual SST field. Our results highlight key regional and dynamic situations where there is discord between the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and the climate model simulations. These differences have led to improved strategies for both experimental design and temporal refinement of the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Challenges in reconstructing terrestrial warming of the Pliocene revealed by data-model discord (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  EPIC3Nature Climate Change, Nature Publishing Group, ISSN: 1758-678X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Comparing simulations of key warm periods in Earth history with contemporaneous geological proxy data is a useful approach for evaluating the ability of climate models to simulate warm, high-CO2 climates that are unprecedented in the more recent past. Here we use a global data set of confidence-assessed, proxy-based temperature estimates and biome reconstructions to assess the ability of eight models to simulate warm terrestrial climates of the Pliocene epoch. The Late Pliocene, 3.6–2.6 million years ago, is an accessible geological interval to understand climate processes of a warmer world. We show that model-predicted surface air temperatures reveal a substantial cold bias in the Northern Hemisphere. Particularly strong data–model mismatches in mean annual temperatures (up to 18 °C) exist in northern Russia. Our model sensitivity tests identify insufficient temporal constraints hampering the accurate configuration of model boundary conditions as an important factor impacting on data–model discrepancies. We conclude that to allow a more robust evaluation of the ability of present climate models to predict warm climates, future Pliocene data–model comparison studies should focus on orbitally defined time slices.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the Seasat wind scatterometer (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 704-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Surface wind velocities have been derived from backscatter measurements of the ocean surface made by a satellite-borne, microwave sensor. Comparisons with high-quality surface-based measurements obtained during the Joint Air–Sea Interaction experiment are described. The accuracy of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294704a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcurrent faulting and pre-Carboniferous Anglesey (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 293 (1981), S. 760-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] NuTT AND SMITH1 invoke Devonian transcurrent faulting to explain differences of pre-Carboniferous geology between Anglesey and mainland North Wales. They postulate large dextral movement from proposed geological compatibility between the Lake District and North Wales. We suggest that such movement ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/293760a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased growth of ryegrass exposed to ammonia (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 292 (1981), S. 337-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The concentration of NH3 in the air has been found to decrease with increasing height above the soil within the canopy of a pasture and it was suggested that some NH3 volatilized from a soil may be sorbed by the overlying plants7. Recent studies of a number of species8"12 have shown that NH3 may be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/292337a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexural strength of cements (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 292 (1981), S. 89-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BIRCH ALL ET AL.1 are to be congratulated on the improvements made in the flexural strength of cement, however, we question their scientific explanation which is given in terms of the removal of large size pores 5:100 ixm; it is postulated that these pores are simple strength controlling Griffith ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/292089a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cement : a respectable material? (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 289 (1981), S. 348-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FAMILIARITY breeds contempt. We see cement everywhere, mixed with sand to form mortar between bricks, mixed with pebble aggregate to make concrete. Worldwide production of cement approaches a billion (109) tonnes per annum and of this 95 per cent is Portland cement, the remainder being more ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/289348a0
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