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  • Animals  (2)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (2)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
  • 2005  (2)
  • 1981  (2)
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  • 2005-2009  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1920-1924
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  • 1
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    Representation of action-specific reward values in the striatum (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: The estimation of the reward an action will yield is critical in decision-making. To elucidate the role of the basal ganglia in this process, we recorded striatal neurons of monkeys who chose between left and right handle turns, based on the estimated reward probabilities of the actions. During a delay period before the choices, the activity of more than one-third of striatal projection neurons was selective to the values of one of the two actions. Fewer neurons were tuned to relative values or action choice. These results suggest representation of action values in the striatum, which can guide action selection in the basal ganglia circuit.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samejima, Kazuyuki -- Ueda, Yasumasa -- Doya, Kenji -- Kimura, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1337-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Computational Neurobiology, ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, 619-0288 Kyoto, Japan. samejima@lab.tamagawa.ac.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311337" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Caudate Nucleus/*physiology ; *Choice Behavior ; Corpus Striatum/*physiology ; Female ; Macaca ; Male ; Neurons/*physiology ; Probability ; Putamen/*physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; *Reward
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Complementary process to response bias in the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-06-18
    Description: Activity in several areas of the human brain and the monkey brain increases when a subject anticipates events associated with a reward, implicating a role for bias of decision and action. However, in real life, events do not always appear as expected, and we must choose an undesirable action. More than half of the neurons in the monkey centromedian (CM) thalamus were selectively activated when a small-reward action was required but a large-reward option was anticipated. Electrical stimulation of the CM after a large-reward action request substituted a brisk performance with a sluggish performance. These results suggest involvement of the CM in a mechanism complementary to decision and action bias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Minamimoto, Takafumi -- Hori, Yukiko -- Kimura, Minoru -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jun 17;308(5729):1798-801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15961671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Decision Making ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Macaca ; Neurons/*physiology ; Probability ; Reaction Time ; *Reward ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Thalamic Nuclei/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Jikiken /EXOS-B/ observation of Siple transmissions (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Preliminary results of observations by the Japanese magnetospheric satellite Jikiken (EXOS-B) of Siple transmissions and VLF emissions triggered by the Siple signals are reviewed. The experiments discussed were carried out in July, August, and September of 1979 and in December 1979 and January 1980. Only four events concentrated within the period from August 14 to 18 were found in which triggered emissions were associated with Siple transmissions. The electron distributions observed on the equatorial crossing passes, when Siple triggered emissions were detected, suggest that the cyclotron resonance condition is satisfied for Siple signals and electrons of energy around 1 keV or less, provided the interaction region is inside the plasmapause. It is noted that if these emissions were generated outside the plasmapause, electron energies much higher than 10 keV would be necessary for the cyclotron interaction, which were above the range of the measurements. For the high latitude passes of August 14 and 17, the electron fluxes were found to be very small.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    EXOS-B/Siple Station VLF wave-particle interaction experiment (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: Preliminary results of experiments made using the EXOS-B satellite to make simultaneous observations of VLF signals transmitted from Siple Station, Antarctica and interacting particles are reported. VLF measurements carried out by the EXOS-B wideband receiver upon satellite crossings of the Siple meridian at equatorial and high latitudes were able to detect the Siple signal on about 50% of the passes, and observed four instances of artificially stimulated emissions. Two of these cases exhibit triggering with a clear relation to the transmitted frequency format, while in the remaining two this relation is absent. Electron fluxes at energies from 3 eV to 9.5 keV are observed to be enhanced during the Siple stimulated emission events, with a distribution on the equatorial passes sufficient to satisfy the cyclotron interaction condition for parallel propagation of Siple signals of frequency about half the local cyclotron frequency.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: In: Relation between laboratory and space plasmas; April 14, 15, 1980; Tokyo; Japan
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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