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  • Articles  (52)
  • Oxford University Press  (28)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (13)
  • Cambridge University Press
  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (17)
  • 1990-1994  (26)
  • 1980-1984  (9)
  • 2002  (17)
  • 1991  (26)
  • 1981  (9)
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  • Articles  (52)
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  • 2005-2009
  • 2000-2004  (17)
  • 1990-1994  (26)
  • 1980-1984  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic measurements with a SQUID magnetometer: Possible artifacts induced by sample-holder off-centering : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials San Diego, California (USA) 29 Oct − 1 Nov 1990 (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 5088-5090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Asymmetries in sample holders used for magnetic measurements on magnetometers based on induction methods, such as those equipped with SQUID sensors, can lead to substantial errors and/or important artifacts which resemble phase transitions. They occur under the conditions for which sample and/holder have signals of opposite sign, but are nearly equal in magnitude. The most serious errors can occur often, but not exclusively, for compounds having intermediate magnetic dilution. We present here a general discussion of the problem illustrated by measurements of a polyoxometallate with the known Keggin structure K6[Fe(III)W12O40]⋅nH2O, done on a SHE VTS model 905. While one of the obvious solutions to this problem is the use of holders with a signal much smaller than that of the sample, it would be preferable if, in addition, the holder had a response of the same sign as that of the sample, for all temperatures and fields measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348132
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of high-energy x-radiation using a plasma flow switch (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 1999-2007 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experiments with coaxial plasma guns at currents in excess of ten megamperes have resulted in the production of high-voltage pulses (0.5 MV) and hard x radiation (10–200 keV). The x-radiation pulse occurs substantially after the high-voltage pulse suggesting that high-energy electrons are generated by dynamic processes in a very high speed ((approximately-greater-than)106 m/s), magnetized plasma flow. Such flows, which result from acceleration of relatively low-density plasma (10−4 vs 1.0 kg/m3) by magnetic fields of 20–30 T, support high voltages by the back electromotive force-u×B during the opening switch phase of the plasma flow switch. A simple model of classical ion slowing down and subsequent heating of background electrons can explain spectral evidence of 30-keV electron temperatures in fully stripped aluminum plasma formed from plasma flows of 1–2 × 106 m/s. Similar modeling and spectral evidence indicates tungsten ion kinetic energies of 4.5 MeV and 46 keV electron temperatures of a highly stripped tungsten plasma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348773
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of rotation on H-mode transport in DIII–D via changes in the E×B velocity shear (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 128-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of rotation on the heat and particle transport is measured in the DIII–D tokamak [Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)] for high-confinement mode (H-mode) plasmas with edge localized modes. In a novel experiment, transport is compared for nearly identical scans of the relative gyroradius in co- and counter-rotating plasmas. Since the plasma profiles are the same, the difference in the transport scaling can be attributed to changes in the sheared E×B flow caused by the shift in the toroidal plasma velocity. The ion heat and particle transport are found to be sensitive to the change in the rotation direction and magnitude whereas the electron heat transport is not. Simulations using a gyroLandau-fluid drift wave transport model show that the variation in the ion heat transport for co/counter rotation is due to changes in the E×B shear stabilization, but the electrons appear to be governed by a different transport mechanism. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1421077
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustained rotational stabilization of DIII-D plasmas above the no-wall beta limit : Review,Tutorial and Invited Papers from the 43rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 1997-2005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sustained stabilization of the n=1 kink mode by plasma rotation at beta approaching twice the stability limit calculated without a wall has been achieved in DIII-D by a combination of error field reduction and sufficient rotation drive. Previous experiments have transiently exceeded the no-wall beta limit. However, demonstration of sustained rotational stabilization has remained elusive because the rotation has been found to decay whenever the plasma is wall stabilized. Recent theory [Boozer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5059 (2001)] predicts a resonant response to error fields in a plasma approaching marginal stability to a low-n kink mode. Enhancement of magnetic nonaxisymmetry in the plasma leads to strong damping of the toroidal rotation, precisely in the high-beta regime where it is needed for stabilization. This resonant response, or "error field amplification" is demonstrated in DIII-D experiments: applied n=1 radial fields cause enhanced plasma response and strong rotation damping at beta above the no wall limit but have little effect at lower beta. The discovery of an error field amplification has led to sustained operation above the no-wall limit through improved magnetic field symmetrization using an external coil set. The required symmetrization is determined both by optimizing the external currents with respect to the plasma rotation and by use of feedback to detect and minimize the plasma response to nonaxisymmetric fields as beta increases. Ideal stability analysis and rotation braking experiments at different beta values show that beta is maintained 50% higher than the no wall stability limit for durations greater than 1 s, and approaches beta twice the no-wall limit in several cases, with steady-state rotation levels. The results suggest that improved magnetic-field symmetry could allow plasmas to be maintained well above no-wall beta limit for as long as sufficient torque is provided. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1446036
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-point quasifractional approximant in physics. Truncation error (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 32 (1991), S. 1470-1477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The quasifractional approximation method is developed in a systematic manner. This method uses simultaneously the power series, and at a second point, the asymptotic expansion. The usual form of the approximants is two or more rational fractions, in terms of a suitable variable, combined with auxiliary nonfractional functions. Coincidence in the singularities in the region of interest is pursued. Equal denominators in the rational fractions is required so that the solution of only linear algebraic equations is needed to determine the parameters of the approximant. An upper bound is obtained for the truncation error for a certain class of functions, which contains most of the functions for which this method has been applied so far. It is shown that quasifractional approximants can be derived as a mixed German and Latin polynomial problem in the context of Hermite–Padé approximation theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.529304
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Native oxide stabilization of AlAs-GaAs heterostructures (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 1199-1201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented on the stabilization of AlAs-GaAs heterostructures against atmospheric (destructive) hydrolysis using the native oxide that can be formed (N2+H2O, 400 °C, 3 h) on the AlAs layer. The ∼0.1-μm-thick native oxide formed from the AlAs layer is shown to be stable with aging (∼100 days), while unoxidized samples degrade through the AlAs (0.1 μm) down into the GaAs as deep as ∼1 μm. Relative to oxides formed (∼25 °C) on AlAs (or AlxGa1−xAs, x (approximately-greater-than) 0.7) under atmospheric conditions (hydrolysis), oxides formed (via N2 +H2O) at higher temperatures ((approximately-greater-than)400 °C) are much more stable and seal the underlying crystal (e.g., GaAs).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105213
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer thin film phase defects in reticles for extreme ultraviolet lithography (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 81-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The development of a nearly defect-free reticle blank is an important challenge facing extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The core element of an EUVL reticle blank is the reflective Mo/Si multilayer film, and deposition of Mo/Si on very small substrate defects can result in critical Mo/Si phase defects. In this article we present a method for repairing Mo/Si multilayer film phase defects in EUVL reticle blanks. An electron beam is used to deposit energy in the immediate vicinity of the defect, producing a small local contraction of the layer thicknesses due to silicide formation at the Mo/Si interfaces. We show in simulations that this contraction can significantly reduce the original structural deformation. We also present experimental results showing that it is possible to use an electron beam to controllably produce depressions in Mo/Si with nanometer-scale depths, and that this can be achieved without significantly impairing the reflective properties of the Mo/Si multilayer films. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1419265
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stopping of 10–50 keV positrons in aluminum (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 164-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on new observations of positron stopping in a series of Al foils mounted on glass backplates for incident energies E in the range 10–50 keV. The measured median penetration depths for E(approximately-greater-than)30 keV are found to differ significantly from values derived from the empirical power law model of A. P. Mills, Jr. and R. J. Wilson [Phys. Rev. A 26, 490 (1982)]. The associated disparity between the measured implantation profiles and their analytic representations, and the consequent implications for defect profiling analysis, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Area scaling in slab rf-excited carbon monoxide lasers (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 1281-1283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A large area (slab) waveguide carbon monoxide laser, excited by a transverse radio frequency discharge and cooled by diffusion, has been demonstrated at electrode temperatures down to −30 °C. A maximum laser power of 120 W has been achieved from a sealed 386×2 mm discharge at an extraction efficiency of 17%. Discharge area scaling factors of 15.5 kW m−2 have been observed and cw power extraction exceeding 50 W using tap water cooling has been achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105475
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iso-electronic impurity-induced disordering: AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs/In (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2880-2882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Data are presented on the disordering of an AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs laser structure using indium solid sources. Using separate and co-diffusion of silicon and indium from thin-film sources, indium was inferred to have a higher diffusion coefficient than silicon, and to result in a similar degree of impurity-induced disordering. The degree of index guiding was tested by excess-loss measurements in single-mode raised-cosine s-bends. In particular, structures patterned by SiO2/In disordering had excess losses similar to those patterned with SiO2. A 260 μm transition length for 3 dB loss was measured for 1-μm-wide guides with 100 μm guide offsets, which corresponds to a lateral index of refraction difference of ≈0.8–1.0%. There was no evidence for increased linear loss due to the presence of a dilute InGaAs alloy at the measurement wavelength of 870 nm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105840
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