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  • Articles  (8)
  • Acetylene reduction  (5)
  • Frankia  (3)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1984  (5)
  • 1981  (3)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (8)
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  • Articles  (8)
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Keywords
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Years
  • 1985-1989
  • 1980-1984  (8)
  • 1970-1974
Year
Topic
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (8)
  • Biology  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Utilisation du15N2 pour estimer la fixation d'azote et sa repartition chez les legumineuses (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 63 (1981), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Fixed-N distribution in plants ; 15N2 reduction ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; Trifolium arvense ; Trifolium badium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A method for use of15N2 in the study of dinitrogen fixation by complex legumes-Rhizobium associations grown on soil is proposed. The procedure consists in labelling the soil atmosphere with15N2 during short periods of time, measuring15N enrichment in the plants and calculating the total nitrogen fixed during this period. The first results obtained with bean and clover plants demonstrate that after only 7 h of incubation, significative amounts of15N are measured in the plants to allow precise determination of C2H4/N2 ratio which ranged between 2.6 and 3.1 in this experiment. Over longer periods of time, such amounts are meaningfull to follow the pattern of N dynamic from the nodules to the reproductive organs of bean plants.
    Notes: Resumé Les auteurs proposent une méthode d'utilisation du15N2 pour l'étude de la fixation d'azote dans les associations complexes légumineuses-Rhizobium cultivées sur sol. La procédure consiste, à marquer l'atmosphère du sol à l'aide de15N2 et à calculer la quantité d'azote total fixé pendant cette période. Les premiers résultats obtenus sur des haricots et des trèfles démontrent qu'après seulement 7 h d'incubation, des quantités significatives de15N sont mesurées dans les plantes permettant ainsi de déterminer précisément la valeur du rapport C2H4/N2 qui a été établi entre 2,6 et 3,1 dans les conditions de l'expérience. Sur de longues périodes, ces mêmes quantités se sont avérées suffisantes pour suivre la dynamique de l'azote des nodules vers les organes reproducteurs de plants de haricots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374592
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology, physiology and infectivity of twoFrankia isolates An 1 and An 2 from root nodules ofAlnus nitida (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizae ; Alnus nitrida ; Frankia ; Host-specificity ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two different strains, An 1 and An 2, were obtained from root nodules ofAlnus nitida Endl., collected from one locality in the area of its natural habitat near Bahrin, District Swat, Pakistan. The light and electron microscopy of the isolates revealed the occurrence of septate and branched hyphae bearing sporangia and vesicles. The strains differed in their growth requirements, nitrogen-fixing ability and production of extracellular pigments, thus indicating the existence of more than oneFrankia strain in the same locality. In the absence of combined nitrogen in the medium strain An 1 formed vesicles and fixed N2 (up to 200 nmol C2H4. mg protein−1.h−1), while strain An 2 under the experimental conditions formed only few vesicles and fixed N2 at a very low rate (ca 10 nmol C2H4. mg protein−1 .h−1). The nitrogenase activity of strain An 1 was strongly affected by the O2 concentration.Frankia An 1 and An 2 were infective and effective onA. nitida andA. glutinosa but not onDatisca cannabina andElaeagnus umbellata. Both An 1 and An 2 strains were more infective and effective onA. glutinosa thanFrankia strains AvcIl and CpI1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277839
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure ofFrankia sp. in root nodules ofDatisca cannabina L. (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 383-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizae ; Datisca cannabina ; Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The fine structures of the microsymbiont inside the root nodules ofDatisca cannabina have been studied by light, by transmission- and by scanning-electron microscopy. The endophyte is prokaryotic and actinomycetal in nature. The hyphae are septate and branched, diameter 0.3–0.5 μm. The tips of hyphae are swollen to form electron-dense, clubshaped to filamentous vesicles, ranging in diameter: 0.4–1.4 μm. The endophyte penetrates through walls of the cortial cells. The infected zone is kidney shaped and confined to one side of the acentric stele. The orientation of infection is reversed from other actinorhizae exceptCoriaria. The hyphae are near the host cell wall and vesicles are directed towards the central vacuole. Vesicles are aseptate and no collapsing of the vesicle cell wall (void area) has been observed. Vesicle clusters structures are globular with an opening at one side of the cluster. The host cell is multinucleate or contains a lobed nucleus. Groups of mitochondria are located in between the hyphae, suggesting a strong association between the host and the endophyte for energy supply and amino acid production. The consequences of the inability to separate the mitochondria from the vesicle clusters in nodule homogenates in physiological studies have been discussed. Isolated vesicles clusters showed dehydrogenase activity, indicated by the presence of formazan crystals, after incubation with NADH and NBT. Strongest reducing activity was found within the vesicles. The possible role of filamentous vesicles in nitrogen fixation has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184330
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of lime additions to acid strip-mine spoil on survival, growth and nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) of several woody legume and actinomycete-nodulated species (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 353-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Actinomycete-nodulated ; Legume ; Lime ; Mine spoil ; Nitrogen fixation ; Reclamation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary An acid mine spoil in Southern Indiana was amended with lime (CaCO3) (0.0, 12.5, 25 and 39t/ha) and planted withElaegnus umbellata Thunb.,Alnus glutinosa Gaertn.,Robinia pseudoacacia L.,Robinia fertilis Ashe, ‘Arnot’,Myrica pensylvania Lois,Caragana arborescens L. andShepherdia argentea Nutt. Survival and soil data were collected periodically and plants were harvested 15 months after planting. Nodule and top dry weights were determined and acetylene reduction assays performed on the nodules. Addition of lime caused significant increases in pH, and 39 t/ha of lime were required to maintain a pH above 5.5. Survival of plant material was greatest at the highest lime addition, although response of individual species varied.Elaeagnus umbellata, R. pseudoacacia, R. fertilis ‘Arnot’, andA. glutinosa appeared more tolerant of the harsh conditions. OnlyC. arborescens showed a linear increase in top dry weight due to lime addition.Alnus glutinosa andS. argentea achieved statistically the same growth regardless of pH, andR. fertilis ‘Arnot’ andE. umbellata did not increase in top dry weight above an addition of 25 t/ha.Robinia pseudoacacia achieved maximum top dry weight at 25 t/ha, whereasM. pensylvanica growth declined with increasing pH. Nodule dry weights increased with increasing pH; however,S. argentea showed greater nodule dry weights at lower lime levels. Acetylene reduction rates increased with lime addition.Elaegnus umbellata did not respond above 25 t/ha lime, whereasA. glutinosa did not show an increase until this point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184328
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison between the acetylene reduction method, the isotope dilution method and the total nitrogen difference method for measuring nitrogen fixation in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 81 (1984), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Lucerne ; 15N Nitrogen fixation ; Rhizobium meliloti
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In view of the increasing need for the exact estimation of the input of nitrogen in agroecosystems, an application of the acetylene-reduction technique was developed. The technique, consisting of a plastic bag incubation system, using propane as an internal standard of the apparent volume, made it possible to carry out repeated incubations on the same plant system. The evaluated technique included studies of the diffusion of ethylene and propane in a soil column, as well as studies of the optimal substrate concentration and grade of purity of the substrate. In addition, the conversion factor between amounts of reduced acetylene as compared wtih reduced dinitrogen was determined by15N2 incubations to be 4.41. The developedin situ acetylene-reduction technique was compared with an isotope dilution method and a total nitrogen difference method. By comparing the derived total nitrogen fixation values from each with the value derived from the acetylene-reduction method; it was shown that the values differed significantly. The acetylene-reduction method gave the highest nitrogen fixation values, the isotope dilution the lowest values and the total nitrogen difference method was intermediate. No statistical significant difference existed between the two different reference crops used in the isotope dilution method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197149
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    15N2 incorporation and acetylene reduction by Azospirillum isolated from rice roots and soils (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Azospirillum ; 15N2 incorporation ; Rice cultivar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nitrogen fixation by strains of Azospirillum isolated from several rice soils and rice cultivars was investigated by15N2 incorporation and C2H2 reduction. C2H2 reducing ability markedly varied among the strains obtained from soils differing widely in their physico-chemical properties. Large variations in15N2 incorporation by Azospirillum isolated from the roots of several rice cultivars were also noticed. The present study reveals that rice cultivars harbour Azospirillum with differential N2-fixing ability and that plant genotype is of importance for optimal associations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02182023
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of inoculation on yield ofAlnus glutinosa in the Netherlands (1981)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 61 (1981), S. 189-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinomycete symbiosis ; Alder ; Alnus glutinosa ; Endophyte ; Farmyard manure ; Forestry ; Frankia ; Inoculation ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodulation ; Root nodules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and the infectivity of Frankia, the root-nodule endophyte ofAlnus glutinosa, were studied in different kinds of soil in the Netherlands. Both field and pot experiments indicated that many soils, on which alders have not been grown before, had low numbers of endogenous Frankia or none at all. Inoculation of these soils usually enhanced growth and nodulation of alders. The effect of fertilizer treatments on growth and nodulation ofA. glutinosa were studied in experimental plots. Alders grown in sandy soils, dressed with farmyard manure had the highest yield and the most nodules. The influence of inoculation with homogenates of Sp(+) and Sp(−) nodules and with a pure culture of Frankia AvcIl were studied in pot experiments. The quantity of different kinds of inoculum needed to obtain good growth and nodulation of alder was estimated. The results indicated that addition of a nodule homogenate of 90 g fresh AvcIl Sp(+) nodules is sufficient to inoculate one hectare of nursery soil to produce 10 nodules per plant, while a thousand times larger amount of inoculum is necessary when Sp(−) nodules are used. The limitations and the potentials of using nodule homogenates and pure cultures of Frankia for inoculation in forestry are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277374
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multiple-trait breeding program for improving the symbiosis for N2 fixation betweenMedicago sativa L. andRhizobium meliloti (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 82 (1984), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Acetylene reduction ; Disease resistance ; Host-Rhizobium strain interaction ; Nitrate reductase ; Nodule enzymes ; Nodule mass ; 15N evaluation ; Plant vigor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The goal of breeding alfalfa for increased N2 fixation potential is addressed. A chronological progression of breeding, physiological, microbiological, and plant pathological research is described. Studies describing the interrelationships among plant morphological, plant physiological, andRhizobium effectiveness traits are summarized. It was concluded that N2 fixation in alfalfa is affected by coordinated responses among many physiological and biochemical traits. The simultaneous improvement of many factors in the symbiosis requires a comprehensive multiple-step breeding program. The current program includes selection in the glasshouse for seedling vigor,Rhizobium preference, shoot growth, nodule mass, root growth, nitrogenase (as measured by acetylene reduction), and nodule enzyme activity. The inclusion of additional selection traits is anticipated. Field evaluations of N2 fixation potential of alfalfa populations are made with15N isotope dilution techniques. Plant germplasm sources used in the breeding program include several heterogeneous populations which have good combining ability and pest resistance when they are intercrossed. Significant progress has been made in achieving the goal of breeding alfalfa for improved N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184269
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