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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (63)
  • COMPOSITE MATERIALS  (45)
  • 1980-1984  (108)
  • 1980  (108)
  • 21
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    A review of observational evidence for short and long term ultraviolet flux variability of the Sun (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observation of the Sun in the 160 to 400 nm wavelength region reveals no significant broadband variation with solar flares, variability associated with the rotation of active regions, and a possible long term change which may be related to the 11 year sunspot cycle or longer. A continuing ultraviolet solar flux variability below 200 nm was observed from 1969 through the present from satellites, which is modulated at solar rotation rates. Recent observations from Nimbus-7 show the solar flux is varying by significant amounts also in the regions from 200 nm up to the Calcium 2 H-line at 396.8 nm. Typically the flux may vary over a solar rotation from about 10 percent at 160 nm to slightly less than 1 percent at the Ca2 K-line. Results of an evaluation of observations from rockets, satellites, and the ground measurements are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: CNES Sun and Climate; p 447-471
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 22
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    Statistically conditioned least squares retrievals planned for the VAS demonstration experiment (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Problems in the retrieval of atmospheric profiles from passively observed satellite radiances are reviewed. Plans are described for statistically conditioned least squares retrievals of temperature and moisture profiles around mesoscale events, based upon the expected sensitivity of the VAS channels to the atmospheric variations. Simulated soundings for a global data set and for the 1976 National Storm Laboratory (NSSL) severe storm data set are also examined. This combination of radiance modeling and statistical conditioning should yield reliable mesoscale soundings and provide a test bed for sounding research and development with the VAS instrument.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: VAS Demonstration Sounding Workshop; p 67-79
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 23
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    Statistical wind profile gust model (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A statistical wind profile gust model for the Space Transportation Operations and Trade Studies is developed by using 1800 Jimsphere wind profile data collected at Cape Kennedy during 1965 to 1972. Wind profiles from the surface to 20 km in component form, i.e., zonal and meridional are processed through the digital filters of different wave length ranges bases on the Martin-Graham cosine rolloff model. The residuals obtained from the filtering processes for the data base for the statistical analysis. For each wind component the gust and gust length at a specified reference altitude in a residual profile are defined. A two parameter gamma probability marginal distribution seems to fit the component gust amplitude and the gust length when redefined. The problem of finding an appropriate bivariate joint distribution of the gust amplitude and length remains to be solved. The probability distribution of the modulus of the gust amplitudes was derived under the assumption that they are independently distributed as gamma variates.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Res. Rept.: The 1980 NASA(ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program; 9 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 24
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    Performance properties of graphite reinforced composites with advanced resin matrices (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The contribution of the resin matrix to the performance of the composite is studied with particular emphasis on the flammability, and thermal and mechanical properties. Of the several thermoset and thermoplastic matrices examined, the lowest fire-resistant properties of the composite have been observed with epoxy matrices. Bismaleimide A composites exhibit high fire-resistant properties, low moisture absorption, and good mechanical properties at 23 C. Bismaleimide B and phenolic retain their mechanical properties at elevated temperatures but have lower mechanical properties than the epoxy composites at ambient temperatures. Phenolic-novolac, polyethersulfone, and polyphenylsulfone composites exhibit high oxygen index and low smoke evolution.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: Plastics Design and Processing; Jan. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 25
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    Current and projected use of carbon composites in United States aircraft (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: Carbon composite materials are finding limited use in both civil and military aircraft structures to exploit their weight saving potential for improved performance or fuel efficiency. Since these needs are growing, and a manufacturing cost savings potential is also recognized, wider use of composites in the near future may be expected. Carbon composites generally involve fiber volume fractions in excess of 60 percent in a variety of orthotropic sandwich or solid laminates. Bidirectional woven carbon cloth, common in recently designed structure, may provide higher, more uniform laminate conductivities than tape.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: AGARD Electromagnetic Effects of (Carbon) Composite Mater. Upon Avionics Systems; 19 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 26
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    Graphite-epoxy panel compression strength reduction due to local impact (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The effects of low velocity impact on the compressive strength of graphite/epoxy structures are reviewed. Extensive tests were conducted on sandwich beams, laminated plates and stiffened panels. Conditions for failures were investigated by impact tests on statically loaded test specimens. Lightly loaded graphite structures (such as aircraft secondary structure) were insensitive to impact damage. In more heavily loaded structures, (such as wing panels), appreciable reductions in compressive strength occurred. The implications of the tests for structural design are discussed by comparing panel masses for designs where ultimate strains were reduced due to impact considerations with the masses of designs with higher ultimate strains. Preliminary test data are presented to show the possibility of improvements in damage to tolerance achievable by using an alternate matrix material.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: AGARD Effect of Serv. Environ. on Composite Mater.; 13 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 27
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    Measurement of Electromagnetic Properties of Lightning with 10 Nanosecond Resolution (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Electromagnetic data recorded from lightning strikes are presented. The data analysis reveals general characteristics of fast electromagnetic fields measured at the ground including rise times, amplitudes, and time patterns. A look at the electromagnetic structure of lightning shows that the shortest rise times in the vicinity of 30 ns are associated with leader leader streamers. Lightning location is based on electromagnetic field characteristics and is compared to a nearby sky camera. The fields from both leaders and return strokes were measured and are discussed. The data were obtained during 1978 and 1979 from lightning strikes occuring within 5 kilometers of an underground metal instrumentation room located on South Baldy peak near Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico. The computer controlled instrumentation consisted of sensors previously used for measuring the nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) and analog-digital recorders with 10 ns sampling, 256 levels of resolution, and 2 kilobytes of internal memory.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA Langley Res. Center Lightning Technol.; p 39-83
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 28
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    The SEM description of interaction of a transient electromagnetic wave with an object (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The singularity expansion method (SEM), proposed as a means for determining and representing the transient surface current density induced on a scatterer by a transient electromagnetic wave is described. The resulting mathematical description of the transient surface current on the object is discussed. The data required to represent the electromagnetic scattering properties of a given object are examined. Experimental methods which were developed for the determination of the SEM description are discussed. The feasibility of characterizing the surface current induced on aircraft flying in proximity to a lightning stroke by way of SEM is examined.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Lightning Technol; p 245-263
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 29
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    Another look at aircraft-triggered lightning (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: There is positive evidence that a rapidly moving aircraft charged to high potentials by triboelectric processes can trigger lightning discharges by passage through freezing precipitation. The freezing zone in a nonstormy rain cloud is shown to be an electrically volatile region because of the potent charge exchange mechanisms which are active in agitated mixtures of supercooled water droplet and ice. Several intensifying effects are suggested which can be produced by the passage of an aircraft through this precipitation, resulting in a highly-ionized wake which acts like a trailing conductor. If weak charge centers are present in the cloud, the ionized wake acts to short out the gradient field resulting in very high potentials at the aircraft. The high potentials explain the electrical activity at the aircraft described by pilots, including intense corona, sparks and radio interference terminating in a loud discharge. Lightning strikes to naval aircraft towing gunnery targets at the end of long steel cables are described, showing that the same triggering mechanism may be involved in those cases. Recommendations are made to include triggering experiments in government flight programs now in progress.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Lightning Technol.; p 393-416
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 30
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    Submicrosecond risetimes in lightning radiation fields (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Measurements of lightning electric fields, E, and dE/dt signatures were made near Tampa Bay, Florida, under conditions where the field propagation from the source to the detector was entirely over sea water. The fast transitions found on the initial portion of return stroke E waveforms have 10 to 90 percent risetimes ranging from 40 to 200 nsec, with a mean of 90 nsec. The maximum dE/dt values during these transitions range from 5 to 80 (V/m)microsec, with a mean of about 30 (V/m)microsec when normalized to a distance of 100 km. The initial risetimes of stepped-leader impulses that occur just prior to the first return stroke in cloud-to-ground flashes are very similar to the fast transitions in return strokes. The dE/dt values during leader steps range from 10 to 40 (V/m)/microsec with a mean of 20 (V/m)/microsec when normalized to 100 km. The fast impulses superimposed on large-amplitude intracloud waveforms have E risetimes and dE/dt values similar to those of the leader steps.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Lightning Technol.; p 29-38
    Format: text
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