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  • Articles  (20)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (20)
  • 1980-1984  (20)
  • 1980  (20)
  • Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying  (15)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (5)
Collection
  • Articles  (20)
Source
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (20)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The hypothesis of this paper is that regulatory systems for the control of effluent released to the environment can be, if improperly designed, inadequate for both the establishment of effective pollution control policy and the assessment of the biological significance of violations. This inadequacy may stem from several factors: first, the use of single point standards which delineate the boundary between legally acceptable and unacceptable pollutant discharges; and second, the existence of significant weaknesses in the frequency and design of monitoring programs. In order to be effective, pollution standards must reflect the impact of pollutants on the ecosystem. To achieve this goal, three critical pieces of information are required: measurement of ambient levels of released pollutants, frequency distributions derived from these data, and estimates of biological damage functions. Illustrating the above three requirements with data drawn from research in British Columbia, the authors recommended a restructuring of environmental policy to provide regulatory agencies with an effective mechanism for the analysis and control of environmental degradation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02552.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GRADUATE TRAINING IN WATER TRACK ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING: RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The authors conducted a mail survey of 600 employers in the government and private sectors who were thought to hire water track environmental engineers. Of a total of 148 respondents, over 80 percent employed a combined total of over 2,800 environmental engineers. The survey addressed two basic questions: (1) what is the quality of graduate education recently trained engineers have received, and (2) what effect does a nonengineering undergraduate degree have on an engineering graduate student's employment potential.In answer to the first question, respondents indicated that engineering graduates were deficient in report writing, business law (contracts and specifications), economics and finance, and practical design. Many employers stated that students could better prepare themselves for employment by (1) obtaining professional experience through internships and summer or part-time jobs, and (2) learning to communicate effectively, both orally and in writing. In answer to the second question, 50 percent of the respondents indicated that engineers without an engineering undergraduate degree would not necessarily be limited in their abilities to perform engineering duties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02500.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR THE MIGRATION OF LEACHATE FROM A SANITARY LANDFILL IN LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK - PART I: THEORY (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A two-dimensional mathematical model for the migration of ground water contamination was developed. The finite element method using isoparametric elements, based on the Galerkin formulation and on weighting functions of nonsymmetric form, was used to formulate the numerical description of the convective-dispersive mass transport equation. A comparison of two solution schemes with a new two-dimensional analytical solution is presented. A field application of the model to the leachate migration from the Babylon sanitary landfill in Long Island, New York, presented in a subsequent paper will exemplify the calibration and verification of transport model parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02506.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A NEW METHOD FOR SAMPLING SNOW MELT AND RAINFALL IN FORESTS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Monitoring snow melt rates in high elevation, high snowfall forest stands is difficult mechanically and often impossible due to winter inaccessibility. A method for continuous unattended measurements of melt rate is described. With individual lysimeter pans connected to a common collector, any reasonable number of pans can be installed at each site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02512.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF A NORTH CENTRAL WASHINGTON WILDFIRE ON RUNOFF AND SEDIMENT PRODUCTION (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Runoff was measured from a 564-ha catchment located on the Entiat Experimental Forest for nine years before a severe wild-fire in 1970 destroyed the mixed conifer vegetation. Runoff records from the Chelan River (2 393 km2) were used as control data for determining changes in water yield during the seven years following the fire. The first post-fire year was a period of transition in which the soil profile retained more water than in previous years and measured runoff was 8.9 cm greater than the predicted value based on pre-fire conditions. Runoff from the burned catchment during subsequent years was much greater than measured values before the fire. Measured minus predicted runoff, based on the pre-fire calibration equation, varied from 10.7 cm during the dry year of 1977 to 47.2 cm during the abnormally wet year of 1972. Flow duration curves indicated that runoff at each percent value after the fire was at least double the comparable pre-fire value. Sediment production increased dramatically after the fire because of increased flow rates, increased overland flow caused by reduced infiltration capacity, and mass soil movement. Sediment yield is beginning to decrease as stream channels become stabilized and vegetation on upper slopes improves infiltration capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02441.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PERCOLATE WATER AND BROMIDE MOVEMENT IN THE ROOT ZONE OF EFFLUENT IRRIGATION SITES (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A bromide tracer was used to evaluate percolate water and ion movement in the upper 1.2 m of soil at a proposed sewage effluent irrigation site located in the Missouri Ozarks. Two plots representing Doniphan silt loam and Crider silt loam soils were sprinkler irrigated with local ground water at a rate of 7.62 cm/week from June through August 1976. Soil water potential, percent soil moisture by volume, and background levels of bromide in soil water, ground water, and precipitation were measured at the study plots. Bromide exchange properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils were determined in the laboratory. During two selected time periods, irrigation water, was spiked with NaBr (5.0 mg/l Br). Bromide movement through the upper profile was quantified by soil water samples and post-sampling neutron activation analysis. Soil moisture was near saturatin in both soils when the Br tracer was applied. Bromide concentrations above background levels (0.023 mg/l Br, Doniphan silt loam and 0.016 mg/l Br, Crider silt loam) were detected within 2.60 hours at 0.9 m in the Doniphan soil and within 3.75 hours at that depth in the Crider soil. The rate of Br movement in the profile was greater in both soils than the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity, Bromide concentrations above background levels were present in soil water from the study plots for a minimum of 21 days after irrigation with the Br tracer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb03894.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INPUT/OUTPUT MODELS AS DECISION AIDS FOR LAKE RESTORATION (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Over the past several years, input/output models have been used increasingly as decisionmaking aids in the design of lake restoration activities because they provide an approximation of the link between nutrient influx and lake trophic status. To evaluate the applicability of these models as design tools, a study was conducted in which “before” and “after” data were obtained for 25 lakes which experienced reductions in nutrient inflow, and comparisons were made of observed and predicted changes in lake conditions. Three input/output models were used as predictive tools to describe lake response: those reported by Dillon and Rigler (1974) and by Vollenweider (1975, 1976). Based on described trophic states of oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic, it was found that all three models yielded accurate predictions for at least 70 percent of the study lakes. The model of Vollenweider (1976) performed slightly better than the other two (80 percent correct) on the data set studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb03903.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SPATIALLY RESPONSIVE HYDROLOGIC MODEL TO PREDICT EROSION AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A finite element numerical model has been developed by the authors which routes overland and channel flows in a watershed, given soils, land use, topographic descriptors, and rainfall as input. Such processes as infiltration, canopy interception, seasonal growth of vegetation, and depression storage are described in the hydrologic context of the model. These capabilities, along with the spatial detail and responsiveness of the model, allow a ready adaptation of the model to provide for the prediction of sediment transport and yield.It is assumed that the best results can be obtained by a technique which utilizes the following procedures. Sediment yield to the channel is described by functions describing soil detachment by rainfall and overland flow and transport by overland flow. Since the model description of the channel flow processes involves a more realistic representation of the physical drainage system, an attempt was made to define sediment transport in the channel by erosion and sedimentation mechanics.A conceptual framework is provided whereby the integrated effects of various land use activities on sediment transport and yield can be evaluated. Inherent in this provision of the model is the capability of determining the effects of any control measures to be implemented on a watershed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb03909.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FINANCING FEDERAL WATER DEVELOPEMNT PROJECTS AND SHARING THE COSTS (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The Federal Government's interest and involvement in water resource development in discussed in the context of project financing and cost sharing. After drawing a clear distinction between the two issues - who puts up the money, and who repays over time - the authors survey a number of Federal acts from which have evolved nearly 200 separate cost-sharing rules. Selected cost sharing and financing issues discussed include consistency in policies, rehabilitation of urban water supply systems, multipurpose water quality projects, and ground water management. Two proposals for cost/finance sharing reform introduced in the 96th Congress are discussed in detail and their impacts compared with current policy. The joint venture approach (Administration proposal) results in an effective composite cost share which changes significantly but not drastically (from 19 to 35 percent non-Federal share for a hypothetical project). The block grant approach (Domenici-Moynihan proposal) would alter the regional distribution of Federal water developement funding from the South and West to the Northwest and North Central States.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02399.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    WATER DATA AND SERVICES AVAILABLE FROM PARTICIPANTS IN THE NATIONAL WATER DATA EXCHANGE (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 16 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : : The National Water Data Exchange (NAWDEX) was implemented in January 1976 as an interagency program managed and coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey. The program is directed at improving access to existing water and water-related data. Almost 150 organizations from the Federal, state-governmental, local-governmental, interstate, academic, private, and foreign sectors currently participate in the program. This article describes the NAWDEX program and contains descriptions of the types of data and services available from organizations participating in NAWDEX. A point of contact for obtaining data and services is provided for each organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1980.tb02324.x
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