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  • Coleoptera  (5)
  • bark beetle  (5)
  • Maize  (4)
  • Springer  (12)
  • Annual Reviews
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1980-1984  (12)
  • 1980  (12)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (12)
  • Annual Reviews
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • Springer Science + Business Media
Years
  • 1980-1984  (12)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Scolytidae ; bark beetle ; Ips pini ; pheromone ; ipsdienol ; enantiomer ; interruption ; allomone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Air containing volatile compounds from around maleIps pini boring in ponderosa pine logs from California was condensed, fractionated by GC, and assayed in the laboratory and field. The only fraction that showed consistent activity in laboratory assays contained a single compound identified as ipsdienol (2-methyl-6-methylene-2,7-octadien-4-ol). Synthetic racemic ipsdienol showed no activity in either the laboratory or field. However, (−)-ipsdienol, the naturally occurring enantiomer, was attractive toI. pini in the laboratory and field, whereas (+)-ipsdienol interrupted the response ofI. pini to a natural source of attraction in field tests. (−)-Ipsdienol is a major component of the attractant pheromone of this species, since its level of activity in laboratory assays was quantitatively comparable to that of the condensed volatiles, and it was as attractive as maleI. pini boring in ponderosa pine in the field. (+)-Ipsdienol is a component of the pheromone of the competing species,I. paraconfusus.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Ips paraconfusus ; Pinus ponderosa ; bark beetle ; exo-brevicomin ; frontalin ; myrcene ; verbenone ; trans-verbenol ; attractants ; inhibition ; pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Ponderosa pine logs infested withIps paraconfusus males inhibited the attraction ofDendroctonus brevicomis in the field to either attractive logs cut from a ponderosa pine tree under attack byD. brevicomis or to their synthetic pheromones,exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene. Logs cut from trees under attack byD. brevicomis inhibited the response ofI. paraconfusus to logs infested with maleI. paraconfusus.Exo-brevicomin, frontalin, and myrcene did not inhibit their response but verbenone did. Verbenone was found in maleD. brevicomis dissected from attractive logs under attack during the same time the response ofI. paraconfusus was inhibited by these logs.Trans-verbenol andexo-brevicomin were found in femaleD. brevicomis while verbenone,trans-verbenol, and frontalin were found in maleD. brevicomis in relatively large amounts near the beginning of the aggregation phase of host colonization. All of these compounds had decreased at a similar rate 5 days later. This gradual decrease inexo-brevicomin and frontalin probably caused the observed reduction in attraction. The ecological significance of these compounds in relation to termination of the aggregation phase ofD. brevicomis and reduction of interspecific competition is discussed.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Gnathotrichus retusus ; G. sulcatus ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; ambrosia beetle ; aggregation pheromone ; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol ; sulcatol ; reproductive isolation ; enantiomers ; chiral compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation pheromone ofGnathotrichus retusus was isolated and identified as (S)-(+)-sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol). In laboratory and field experiments,G. retusus responded to (S)-(+)-sulcatol, but not to (±)-sulcatol, which was attractive to the sympatric species,G. sulcatus. G. sulcatus did not respond to optically pure (S)-(+)-sulcatol, but began to respond when ⩾ 1% (R)-(−)-sulcatol was present in an enantiomeric mixture.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ponderosa pine mortality ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; aerial photography ; detection ; estimation ; sampling ; mapping ; attractive pheromones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sequential aerial photography was used to detect ponderosa pine trees killed by successive generations of the western pine beetle (WPB),Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec., over a three-year period during a study to evaluate the effectiveness of attractive pheromones for the suppression and survey of WPB. The total number of WPB-killed trees were estimated for each generation, using probability-proportional-to-size sampling procedures. Infested trees at the beginning of the suppression treatment totaled 283. Attacks by three successive WPB generations in 1970 killed 90,83, and 91 trees, respectively. The first generation in 1971 killed 47 trees and the two subsequent generations combined killed a total of 49 trees. During the suppression treatment, tree mortality was concentrated into the suppression plots in comparison to the check plots and the surrounding area. By 1972, tree mortality distribution returned to its original pattern, but at one-tenth the original level, as shown by maps. Recommendations suggest ways to improve the use of aerial photography for studies of WPB-caused tree mortality and population dynamics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant and soil 54 (1980), S. 313-316 
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Cereal ; Green gram ; Groundnut ; Improved nodulation ; Inoculation ; Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In cereal-legume crop rotation system, better Rhizobium symbiosis was obtained by double inoculation,i.e., when the preceeding cereal crop of maize was also inoculated with the same Rhizobium strain, used to inoculate the following legume crop of green gram or groundnut.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinomycetes ; Azotobacter ; Alluvial soil ; Available nitrogen ; Available phosphorus ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Green gram ; Maize ; Mulching ; Organic matter ; Recyling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of organic mulching on the nutrient status, microbiological properties and the yield of maize and green gram crops. Soil organic carbon and humin and humus carbon of the fallow and the cropped soils were augmented by mulching. More of nitrogen, available phosphorus and ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen were found in mulched soils. Soil reaction was not affected by mulching. Mulched treatments maintained more of soil moisture and soil temperature lowered during summer and rainy seasons. Population of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and Azotobacter were augmented in mulched treatments at all the stages of sampling. Mulching significantly increased the grain and straw yield of both the crops. The nitrogen uptake by grain was higher in mulched than in the unmulched treatments.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetle ; Dendrocionus ; Ips ; pheromone ; colonization ; attraction ; inhibition ; behavioral interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Chemically mediated behavioral interactions among four species of Scolytidae cohabitingPinus taeda in east Texas appear to be significant in delineating breeding areas within trees and in influencing the sequence of colonization.Dendroctonus frontalis usually arrived first and was not attracted to logs occupied by any of the threeIps species (I. avulsus, I. calligraphus, andI. grandicollis). The response ofI. avulsus to conspecific males was enhanced by the simultaneous presence of actively boring maleI. grandicollis. The response ofIps calligraphus was inhibited in areas whereI. avulsus was also present, but, in turn,I. calligraphus inhibited the response ofI. grandicollis and attractedI. avulsus. Ips grandicollis was strongly inhibited by the simultaneous presence of femaleD. frontalis or maleI. calligraphus, and in turn, maleI. grandicollis inhibitedD. frontalis. The result of this highly interactive olfactory system is that host trees are colonized very rapidly and that, in the process, disadvantageous reproductive interactions are minimized.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; Temnochila chlorodia ; pheromone ; kairomone ; exo-bievicomm ; frontalin ; trans-ver-benol ; verbenone ; terpenes ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; Trogositidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The responses of the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brev-icomis LeConte) andTemnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) to candidate attractants—exo- andendo-brevicomm, frontalin,trans-verbenol, ver-benone, and ponderosa pine turpentine and its major monoterpene components—were quantified by counts of beetles on traps baited with the various attractants, singly and in combinations released simultaneously. Combinations ofexo-brevicomin and frontalin plus a monoterpene or turpentine were the most attractive toD. brevicomis. The responses to these attractant combinations were reduced when verbenone plustrans-verbenol were present. All single compounds and binary mixtures, exceptexo-brevicomin plus frontalin, were much less attractive.exo-Brevicomin was most attractive toT. chlorodia, and this response appeared to decrease when verbenone plustrans-verbenol were present.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 979-987 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Ips paraconfusus ; pheromones ; nonhost ; Abies concolor ; Pinus ponderosa ; ipsenol ; ipsdienol ; bark beetle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract MaleI. paraconfusus confined to artificial entrance tunnels in white fir logs produced the pheromone compounds ipsenol and ipsdienol in their hindguts. The hindguts were attractive to females in a laboratory olfactometer and the male infested logs were attractive in field bioassay. The amount of pheromones produced and the amount of feeding and boring activity is much less in white fir than in ponderosa pine. There were no pheromones detected in the hindguts of recently emerged, unfed males.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pinus ponderosa ; Dendroctonus brevicomis ; verbenone ; trans-verbenol ; tree protection ; bark beetle ; pheromones ; interruptant ; Coleoptera ; Scolytidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Verbenone andtrans-verbenol were investigated as candidate interruptants for use as tree protectants. Verbenone andtrans-verbenol, pheromones released byDendroctonus brevicomis during host colonization, reduced the trap catch ofD. brevicomis near sources of the attractant composed ofexo-brevicomm, frontalin, and myrcene. Catch reduction at some trap positions was greater at a high release rate than at a low release rate oftrans-verbenol alone and of the combination of verbenone plustrans-verbenol. Verbenone also reduced catches at traps baited with attractive bolts from trees under attack byD. brevicomis. Attempts to use verbenone to protect living trees fromD. brevicomis attack were inconclusive.
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