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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (367)
  • LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (451)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1982  (241)
  • 1980  (210)
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  • 1995-1999
  • 1980-1984  (451)
  • 1940-1944
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The Ames Research Center Pioneer 11 plasma analyzer experiment provided measurements of the solar wind interaction with Saturn and the character of the plasma environment within Saturn's magnetosphere. It is shown that Saturn has a detached bow shock wave and magnetopause quite similar to those at earth and Jupiter. The scale size of the interaction region for Saturn is roughly one-third that at Jupiter, but Saturn's magnetosphere is equally responsive to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Saturn's outer magnetosphere is inflated, as evidenced by the observation of large fluxes of corotating plasma. It is postulated that Saturn's magnetosphere may undergo a large expansion when the solar wind pressure is greatly diminished by the presence of Jupiter's extended magnetospheric tail when the two planets are approximately aligned along the same solar radial vector.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 207; Jan. 25
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To test the possibility that spaceflight has a deleterious effect on bone mechanical properties, femur breaking strength by torsional loading in rats that had been flown for 19 days aboard Cosmos 936 was determined. The results showed that femurs from flight rats were less stiff than the flight controls, and failed under torsion at a lower torque and energy of absorption. The defect was corrected following space flight and could be prevented during space flight by centrifuging the rats at 1 x g. Altered bone geometry due to inhibition of bone formation at the periosteal surface provides the most likely explanation for the decrease in bone strength during spaceflight.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: p. S-75
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 51; Sept
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Observations by the plasma wave receivers on Voyagers 1 and 2 show that a wide variety of electrostatic waves are present within the Jovian magnetosphere and that the Jovian electrostatic waves are for the most part very similar to those observed in the terrestrial magnetosphere. Bands of emission near the upper hybrid resonance frequency in the dayside outer magnetosphere are detected between higher harmonics of the electron gyrofrequency. Inside of about 23 Jupiter radii, electron cyclotron harmonic emissions appear to be durable features of the inner Jovian magnetosphere and are extremely well confined to the Jovian magnetic equator. The cyclotron emissions extend from just above the local electron gyrofrequency to the upper hybrid resonance frequency.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Jan. 198
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The results of the Pioneer Venus orbiter radiometric temperature-sounding experiment are presented with examples of each of the primary data products. The measured temperature field is used to model the dynamics of the middle atmosphere from 60 to 140 km, and the thermal and solar fluxes are used to calculate the planetary radiation budget. The data for the diurnal variation of temperature at a given height show fairly small amplitudes up to an altitude of about 95 km, above which the day to night contrast increases rapidly with height. At the equator the dependence of temperature in the stratosphere on solar longitude is dominated by a wave number 2 solar tide with an amplitude of about 10 K. The equator to pole gradients are larger than expected, and the stratosphere is typically 15 to 20 K warmer at the pole than at the equator. The most significant discovery concerning the cloud morphology is a dipole structure consisting of two clearings in the cloud at locations straddling the pole and rotating around it every 2.7 days.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 6
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of centrifugation on liver regrowth were examined by measuring mitotic activity. The results indicate that the increased gravity caused a delay in the onset of mitotic activity and a significant decrease in overall mitotic activity.
    Keywords: LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
    Type: Space Gerontology; p 53-54
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The horizontal and vertical cloud structures, atmospheric waves, and wind velocities at the cloud top level were determined by the Pioneer Venus photopolarimeter images in the UV from January through March 1979. The images indicate long-term evolution of cloud characteristics, the atmospheric dynamics, and rapid small changes in cloud morphology. The clouds show a globally coordinated oscillation relative to latitude circles; retrograde zonal winds of 100 m/s near the equator are determined from the tracking of small-scale cloud properties, but two hemispheres show important variations. The zonal wind velocity in the southern hemisphere is reduced toward the poles at a rate similar to solid body rotation; the midlatitude jet stream noted by Mariner 10 is not observed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Collection of data from the Ames plasma analyzer on the Pioneer Venus orbiter has permitted long-term measurements of the interaction of the solar wind with Venus. The paper presents a mapping of the ionosheath flow field, plasma measurements in the distant ionosheath and near the distant plasma cavity, and a summary of observations of jumps in the solar wind proton parameters across Venus' bow shock. Also, the apparent detection of ionospheric O(+) accelerated up to solar wind speeds downstream in Venus' ionosheath is discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Dec. 30
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 44; Dec. 198
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is an extremely useful tool for Doppler-limited studies of atomic and molecular lines in diverse astrophysical regions. The current state of the art is reviewed, and the analysis of CO2 lines in the atmosphere of Mars is outlined. Doppler-limited observations have enabled the discovery of natural laser emission in the mesosphere of Mars and the discovery of failure of local thermodynamic equilibrium near the surface of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Optical Engineering; 21; Mar
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