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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (9)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3)
  • Fruit-set  (2)
  • Parthenocarpy  (2)
  • Catecholamine and serotonine metabolism
  • entropy balance equation Boltzmann equation
  • 1980-1984  (16)
  • 1983  (6)
  • 1982  (6)
  • 1980  (4)
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Keywords
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  • 1980-1984  (16)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization of β-pinene with styrene oxide and N-vinylpyrrolidone (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1279-1285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of β-pinene with styrene oxide (SO) and β-pinene with N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) was investigated by using SnCl4 in dichloromethane diluent at low temperature. Monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated for both copolymers at -80°C; these are r1(SO) = 2.979 and r2(β-pinene) = 0.002 and r1(VP) = 0.096 and r2(β-pinene) = 0.294.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.170200511
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit-set of unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 444-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Cytokinin ; Decapitation ; Fruit-set ; Gibberellin ; Parthenocarpy ; Pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of removing the apical shoot and different leaves above and below the flower on the fruit-set of unpollinated pea ovaries (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska) has been studied. Unpollinated ovaries were induced to set and develop either by topping or by removing certain developing leaves of the shoot. Topping had a maximum effect when carried out before or on the day of anthesis, and up to four consecutive ovaries were induced to set in the same plant. The inhibition of fruit-set was due to the developing leaves and not to the apex. The third leaf above the first flower, which had a simultaneous development to the ovary, had the stronger inhibitory effect on parthenocarpic fruit-set. The application of different plant-growth regulators (indoleacetic acid, naphthylacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, gibberellic acid, benzyladenine and abscisic acid) did not mimic the negative effect of the shoot.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380186
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit-set of unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum L. (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 147 (1980), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Auxin ; Fruit-set ; Gibberellin ; Parthenocarpy ; Pisum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The development of parthenocarpic fruits of Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska was induced by the application of different plant-growth regulators in aqueous solution to the emasculated ovaries in untopped plants. At least one compound in each of the groups of auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins (benzyladenine), and gibberellins (gibberellic acid) was found active. Gibberellic acid (GA3), however, was the only substance which produced pods similar to those of fruits with seeds. The length of the pods obtained by GA3 was a linear function of the logarithm of the concentration of GA3 in the solution. The effect of GA3 (at a concentration which produced 50% of the maximum pod length) was enhanced by a simultaneous application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Abscisic acid (ABA) counteracted the effect of GA3 and of topping. The results suggest that gibberellins and ABA may exert a major regulatory control in natural fruit-set. Peas can be used for the assay of fructigenic activity and is an advantageous material for the study of the mode of action of gibberellins on fruit-set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380187
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A kinetic derivation of extended irreversible thermodynamics (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 29 (1982), S. 387-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Extended irreversible thermodynamics ; relaxation times ; constitutive equations ; conserved and nonconserved variables ; entropy balance equation Boltzmann equation ; moment method ; Burnett equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The basic postulates of the extended irreversible thermodynamics are derived from the kinetic model for a dilute monoatomic gas. Using the Grad 13-moment method to solve the full nonlinear Boltzmann equation for molecules conceived as soft spheres we obtain the microscopic expressions for the entropy flux, the entropy production, and the generalized Pfaffian for the extended definition of entropy as required by such a theory. Some of the physical implications of these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01020794
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ungewöhnliche Reaktivität gespannter Brückenkopfderivate (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3518-3520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Unusual Reactivity of Strained Bridgehead DerivativesThe solvolysis of 7,7-dimethyl-1, exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (5) in Et2O/I2Mg and 80% MeOH proceeds with formation of substituted 2-norbornyl cations, yielding 1, exo-2-diiodo-7,7-dimethylnorbornane (9) and camphenilone (13), respectively. When the vic-diiodide 9 is treated with LiAlH4/C6H6 partial epimerization to 1,endo-2-diiodo-7,7-dimethylnorbornane (12) is observed without reduction; this result is probably due to steric hindrance of the reactants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831161025
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinylkationen, 36. Solvolyse von Cycloalkylidenmethyl- und 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflaten (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 772-782 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vinyl Cations, 36. Solvolysis of Cycloalkylidenemethyl and 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl TriflatesCyclohexlidenemethyl triflate (2), cyclobutylidenemethyl triflate (5), 1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflate (7), bicyclo [3.1.0]hex-2-en-2-yl triflate (9), 1-cyclobutylideneethyl triflate (19), and 2-methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflate (29) were solvolyzed in solvents of various ionizing power and nucleophilicity and the solvolysis products were identified. The cyclobutylidenealkyl triflates solvolyze via a vinyl cation mechanism involving ion pairs with rearrangement to cyclopentene and cyclopentanone compounds. The 1-cyclopenten-1-yl triflates do not produce vinyl cation intermediates but give only the corresponding ketones via an O—S bond cleavage of the triflate group.
    Notes: Cyclohexylidenmethyl-triflat (2), Cyclobutylidenmethyl-triflat (5), 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflat (7), Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-en-2-yl-triflat (9), 1-Cyclobutylidenethyl-triflat (19) und 2-Methyl-1-cyclopenten-1-yl-triflat (29) wurden in Lösungsmitteln verschiedener Ionisierungsstärke und Nucleophilie solvolysiert und die Solvolyseprodukte aufgeklärt. Die Cyclobutylidenalkyl-triflate solvolysieren über Ionenpaarmechanismen (Vinylkationen) unter Umlagerung zu Cyclopenten- und Cyclopentanon-Derivaten. Die 1-Cyclopenten-1-yl-triflate reagieren nicht über Vinylkationen als Zwischenstufe, sondern unter O—S-Spaltung zu den entsprechenden Ketonen.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19821150238
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notizen. Sterisch gesteuerte Reaktionswege von substituierten 2-Norbornyl-Kationen (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 815-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Steric Control in the Reaction of Substituted 2-Norbornyl CationsThe reaction of camphenilone (1b) with trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (Tf2O) yields 7,7-dimethyl-1,exo-2-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)norbornane (4b) (60%). 6,6-Dimethyl-2-norbornanone (1c) affords under the same conditions 6,6-dimethyl-2-norbornen-2-yl triflate (5c) (70%). The reaction pathways of the intermediate 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)-2-norbornyl cations are mostly controlled by steric factors, the inductive effect playing no significant role.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831160237
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cationic polymerization of 2-alkenylfurans, 2Part 1: cf.5. A side reaction leading to polyunsaturated products (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 2399-2413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A spectroscopic and conductimetric study of the cationic polymerization of 2-vinylfuran (1) and 2-methyl-5-venylfuran (2) showed the existence of an important side reaction originating from a hydride-ion shift from an unsaturated polymer molecule to an active species. The resulting allylic carbocation, in equilibrium with a doubly unsaturated polymer molecule, can react further and the repetition of the mechanism on progressively more conjugated species leads to the formation of a series of highly charge-delocalized carbenium ions absorbing throughout the visible region of the spectrum (and giving high electrical conductivity) and of neutral polyconjugated polymer molecules. Since the hydride-ion abstraction occurs from the tertiary carbon atom of the vinylic chain, vinylidene polymers of monomers such as 2-isopropenylfuran (3) and 2-isopropenyl-5-methylfuran (4) are not susceptible to it. Indeed, their cationic polymerization proceeds without colour formation and conductivity increase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1982.021831010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cationic polymerisation of 2-alkenylfurans, 3Part 2: cf. 2.. Spectroscopic study of the alkylation as important side reaction leading to branched products (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 1189-1211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A spectroscopic (UV, IR, 1H NMR) study of the cationic polymerisation of 2-vinylfuran (1a) and 2-isopropenylfuran (2a) showed the existence of an important alkylation reaction at C5 which competes with normal propagation. The extent of this competition depends on the monomer used and the polymerisation temperature. A comparison of the spectra of standard polymers (prepared by radical or stereospecific polymerisation) with those of polymers obtained by cationic initiation allowed to assess the extent of alkylation and its regiospecificity at C5 2-Methyl-5-vinylfuran (1b) and 2-methyl-5-isopropenylfuran (2b) were found to undergo cationic polymerisation without any interference from alkylation reactions. Reactions between these four monomers and 2-methylfuran in the presence of typical acidic catalysts gave very high yields of alkylated products and no polymerisation, thus confirming the importance of this electrophilic reaction and its possible application to synthetic uses.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anionic and radical polymerization of p-triphenyl- and p-tributylgermyl-styrenes (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 961-967 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Anionic polymerization of p-triphenylgermylstyrene (1a) and p-tributylgermylstyrene (1b) were investigated under high vacuum conditions (≈10-6 mbar). Both 1a and 1b were readily polymerized with sodium naphthalide, potassium naphthalide, or α-methylstyrylsodium oligomers to form “living polymers”. The addition of α-methylstyrene to these living systems gave the triblock copolymer, poly(α-methylstyrene-b-p-triphenylgermylstyrene-b-α-methylstyrene). Both monomers were also polymerized radically with AIBN as initiator. Some physical properties of the resulting polymers were examined.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840508
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