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    Membrane surface potential changes may alter drug interactions: an example, acetylcholine and curare (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-03-30
    Description: Curare is known to be less effective as an acetycholine antagonist when the divalent cation concentration of the extracellular solution is increased. This observation can be accounted for by the negative surface potential on the end plate; an increase in divalent cation concentration decreases the negativity of the surface potential and thereby lowers the concentrations of cations at the membrane-solution interface. The concentration of divalent cations, such as curare, will be reduced more than the concentration of univalent cations, such as acetylcholine. The observations can be accounted for by a surface potential of about -50 millivolts. The same principle can explain the reported actions of divalent cations on the affinity of receptors for acetylcholine. The effects of surface potential on concentrations at active sites may play an important role in drug interactions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van der Kloot, W G -- Cohen, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Mar 30;203(4387):1351-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/424757" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Anura ; Curare/*pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Electric Conductivity ; Ions ; *Membrane Potentials ; Models, Biological ; Motor Endplate/*physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/*drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A finite element approach to subsonic aerodynamics (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 665-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of the application of the Finite Element Method to compressible potential flows, typified by the airfoil problem, is undertaken. Some novel approaches, believed to simplify solution techniques, are presented.The solutions use two pseudo-variational integrals, appropriate to subsonic flows, and possessing a physical iterative basis. With constant-derivatives triangular elements formulated for cylindrical co-ordinates, accurate solutions are easily obtained for the flow over a circular cylinder. For arbitrary airfoils a simple mapping is used to transform them into near circles. An appropriate mesh is then constructed in the mapped plane. The paper then presents two solution approaches by which this non-linear problem is solved in both the near circle plane and the airfoil plane.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140504
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3D mine pillar design information from 2D FEM analysis (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 145-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: This paper described a technique for obtaining three-dimensional mine design information using a two-dimensional finite element program where the mining geometry consists of an extensive array of underground rooms and pillars. The technique is based upon a simple augmentation of forces in a two-dimensional analysis to produce the same average pillar stress that would occur in a full three dimensional analysis. Detailed comparisons between a three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional analysis (plane stress and plane strain) and an augmented two-dimensional analysis (also plane stress and plane strain) of stress about a typical coal mine pillar are presented. A local factor of safety is defined and then mapped over the pillar midplane, the immediate roof and immediate floor using the results from the full three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons of roof and pillar safety factor distributions obtained by the three-dimensional, two-dimensional and augmented two-dimensional analyses show that the minimum safety factors in the pillar (at the pillar sides) are predicted quite closely by the augmented two-dimensional techniqe (plane stress). The same is true of the immediate roof, although the three-dimensional safety factor tends to be higher in the roof (over the room) than that calculated by the augmented twodimensional technique. The augmented loading procedure appears to hold considerable promise as a very efficient and cost reducing techniqe for mine pillar design.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610030204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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