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  • Bone  (5)
  • Roots  (5)
  • 42.80
  • Springer  (12)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (12)
  • 1979  (12)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (12)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Oxford University Press
Years
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (12)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of soybean plant growth on spore production byGlomus mosseae (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 53 (1979), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr. ; Growth stage ; Roots ; Shoots ; Shoot removal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Plants of two soybean cultivars infected withGlomus mosseae were physiologically stressed by top removal and were harvested at seven bi-weekly intervals. Removing tops stopped root growth, stimulated branching, delayed plant growth stages by approximately two weeks, but did not affect spore production. Spore numbers were significantly related only to time of harvest. Pot variation in spore number was not significantly correlated with infection percentage or root dry weight. Harvest, cultivar, and cutting effects were highly significant for root and shoot weights and root/shoot ratios.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277873
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone fluoride concentrations associated with fluoridated drinking water (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Fluoride ; Analysis ; Food ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Recently published bone fluoride values from Iowa are very high compared to earlier reports, suggesting an increase in fluoride intake. Reanalysis of the Iowa specimens shows levels one-fourth those reported by the Iowa laboratory indicating an error in the original report. Seventeen bone specimens, collected from long-term residents of Rochester, New York, drinking 1 ppm F− water, had a mean value of 2085±270 ppm F− on an ashed-weight basis. This value is not significantly different from that predicted by the data of Zipkin et al. in 1958. These data, therefore, do not support the contention that there has been an increase in fluoride intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441168
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the solid state of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Infrared, visible light ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photovoltaic effect (infrared and visible light) is observed in bone and its two major components, collagen and apatite, at room temperature. A dimunition in the magnitude of photovoltage is observed after exposure to ultraviolet light in all the cases. The drift mobility of the charge carriers is obtained by measuring I versus V relationships in sandwich samples and relating them to the permitivity of the medium. Lifetime of the injected carriers is measured in the usual way. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects are due to protonic conduction phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossed gratings: A theory and its applications (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 18 (1979), S. 39-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 42.80 ; 78.20 ; 41
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We introduce a rigorous formulation for the problem of the diffraction by a finitely-conducting, bi-periodic surface. The formationon is based on a coordinate transformation which maps the grating surface onto a plane. The transformed Maxwell equations are resolved using an iterative technique. The numerical implementation is tested against a number of criteria, including a comparison with two recently developed formalisms. As well, it is shown to give results in agreement with the Reciprocity Theorem, which is derived for efficiencies of crossed gratings in unpolarized light. The method has been shown to work throughout the whole range of values of surface conductivity. We investigate the effect of a surface-corrugation on the solar absorptance of a metallic mirror. We discuss a useful equivalence property linking the behaviour of crossed gratings with that of classical gratings. We exhibit for the first time a grating in a highly-reflecting metal capable of totally absorbing unpolarized incident light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00935902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polarization selective optical heterodyne detection for dramatically improved sensitivity in laser spectroscopy (1979)
    Springer
    Applied physics 19 (1979), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 07.65 ; 42.65 ; 42.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The noise characteristic of available laser sources limits the sensitivity of many types of nonlinear spectroscopy. We show how to maximize the sensitivity by optimizing the strength of a local oscillator wave in a heterodyne detection scheme without altering the amplitude of the wave being detected. The intensity profile of the optimum local oscillator closely matches that of the incident probe wave, but the optimum intensity is much less than that of the probe under realistic conditions. A general signal-to-noise analysis applicable to all nonlinear spectroscopy techniques is presented along with specific applications to coherent Raman spectroscopy, two-photon absorption, saturation spectroscopy, and optical coherent transient techniques. A simple optimization procedure employing polarization selection rules is described. Detailed calculations are performed for the case of TEM00 waves interacting via a third-order nonlinear susceptibility and for the case where the sample is simultaneously probed at many different frequency combinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900531
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction of the calcified tissues inPolypterus (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: X-ray diffraction ; Hydroxyapatite ; Whitlockite ; Fish (Pisces) ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Pyrolyzed scales, fin spines, and bone from the ray-finned bony fishPolypterus (Actinopterygii) showed two mineral phases on X-ray diffraction: hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca5(PO4)3OH, and whitlockite, Ca3(PO4)2. The ratio of HA/whitlockite varied with the structure (scale, spine, bone) within each individual fish. The relative proportions of HA to whitlockite in pyrolyzed samples reflected the Ca/P ratio of the sample. Whitlockite appears after pyrolysis when the Ca/P is lower than 1.67. Among the five fish investigated, for each structure a general trend was noted. The proportion of HA relative to whitlockite increased with size (age) of the fish. Thus the smallest fish, a juvenile, exhibited a low Ca/P mineral in its calcified tissues, whereas the larger fish had progressively more HA and less whitlockite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441216
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive measures of bone bending rigidity in the monkey (M. nemestrina) (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bending rigidity ; Disuse atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The in vivo bending rigidity and bone mineral content of monkey ulnae and tibiae were measured. Bending rigidity in the anteroposterior plane was measured by an impedance probe technique. Forced vibrations of the bones were induced with an electromechanical shaker, and force and velocity at the driving point were determined. The responses over the range of 100–250 Hz were utilized to compute the bending rigidity. Bone mineral content in the cross section was determined by a photon absorption technique. Seventeen male monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) weighing 6–14 kg were evaluated. Repeatability of the rigidity measures was 4%. Bone mineral content was measured with a precision of 3.5%. Bending rigidity was correlated with the mineral content of the cross section,r=0.899. Two monkeys were evaluated during prolonged hypodynamic restraint. Restraint produced regional losses of bone most obviously in the proximal tibia. Local bone mineral content declines 17 to 24% and the average bending rigidity declines 12 to 22%. Changes in bones leading to a reduction in mineral content and stiffness are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441171
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The calciuria of increased fixed acid production in humans: Evidence against a role for parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; PTH ; 1,25(OH)2D ; Acid ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We measured mineral and acid balances, serum iPTH, urinary cAMP/creatinine, and plasma concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in 7 healthy adults during control conditions and during increased fixed acid production achieved either by the administration of NH4Cl (N=3) or by increased dietary protein intake (N=4). When acid production was increased, the subjects were in positive acid balance and negative Ca balance because of increased urinary Ca excretion. Serum iPTH fell slightly but urinary cAMP and the plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites did not change. We conclude that the accelerated skeletal and urinary losses of Ca that occur when fixed acid production is increased are not contributed to nor compensated for by the parathyroid-vitamin D endocrine systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441241
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and permeability of the epidermal/hypodermal layers of the sand sedge (Carex arenaria, L.) (1979)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 101 (1979), S. 331-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Carex arenaria ; Epidermis ; Hypodermis ; Permeability ; Roots
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary During the normal course of development in the root of sand sedge (Carex arenaria), many of the cells in the central cortex degenerate to form an extensive aerenchyma. The epidermis and multi-layered hypodermis become heavily suberized and only remain attached to the stele by a few, thin, radial files of cortical cells that have not autolyzed. These changes make it possible for epidermal/hypodermal sleeves to be isolated so that their permeability can be determined. The coefficient of diffusive permeability for tritiated water is of the order of 20 nm s−1, while the permeability coefficient for self diffusion of labelled phosphate and calcium is approximately 5.0 and 4.0 nm s−1 respectively. These values are approximately 200 (water) and 500 (phosphate and calcium) times lower than similar determinations made on isolated sleeves of onion roots. The outer layers of the mature root ofC. arenaria are thus extremely impermeable: any significant absorptive function has been lost at the expense of a protective role provided by the modified cortex for the vascular stele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276972
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A machine for determining root length (1979)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 52 (1979), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Roots ; Growth ; Measurement ; Root length ; Electronics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A machine for determining the root length of a sample is described. The machine is basically an opto-electronic scanner. Root segments are cut and placed in water on a glass plate (375×375 mm). The interruption of a light beam moving across the root sample is detected by a photo-diode and the total root length computed. Using this machine a root sample can be measured in less than 3 minutes. Detailed calibration was only conducted up to 50 m although samples as large as several hundred metres can be measured using this machine. The machine has a high degree of accuracy comparable with or better than other reported methods for determining root length.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02197733
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