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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (65)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1975-1979  (65)
  • 1979  (65)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology, histochemistry and physiology of the major salivary glands in the echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata) (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 205-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The three major salivary glands of the monotreme echidna are described. The parotid is a typical serous gland with tubulo-acinar secretory endpieces and a well-developed system of striated ducts. The mandibular gland, although light microscopically resembling a mucous gland, secretes very little glycoprotein. Its cells are packed instead with serous granules, resembling in fine structure the “bull's eye” granules in the mandibular gland of the European hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus. The sublingual glands secrete an extremely viscous mucous saliva. Expulsion of this saliva through the narrow ducts is probably aided by contraction of the extensive myoepithelial sheaths surrounding the secretory tubules. Application of the glyoxylic acid induced fluorescence method failed to demonstrate adrenergic innervation in any of the glands.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in chloride transport during differentiation of Friend virus-transformed cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 99 (1979), S. 369-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Friend erythroleukemic cells can be induced by a variety of agents to synthesize hemoglobin and to exhibit other characteristics suggesting erythroid maturation. Upon induction of hemoglobin synthesis with dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), the chloride flux in Friend cells gradually increases, until after five days of exposure to DMSO (when the hemoglobin content of the cells approaches that of the mature erythrocyte) the flux is three times the value in non-induced cells. A similar flux increase is observed in the presence of a different type of inducer, hypoxanthine, but no increase in flux is seen in the mutant cell line, TG-13, which does not synthesize hemoglobin after DMSO treatment. Thus, the flux increase seems to be associated with the induction process, rather than being a direct effect of the inducing agent. After DMSO treatment, the sulphate flux decreases and the chloride/sulphate selectivity increases, as would be expected if the cells were becoming more like red cells. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the chloride flux to the inhibitor, furosemide, and to temperature is the same in the induced as in the non-induced Friend cells, and different from that of the mature red cell. Thus, the anion transport properties of the induced Friend cell are different from those of both the non-induced Friend cell and the mature erythrocyte. Either the system in the induced cell represents an intermediate stage in the development of the mature red cell characteristics, or else the maturation of transport function in the Friend cell differs from that in normal erythrocyte precursors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040990312
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vitro studies of the effect of intermittent compressive forces on cartilage cell proliferation (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intermittent compressive (IC) forces (96 mm Hg, 0.3 Hz) inhibit by 35-60% the serum stimulated increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) in chick embryo epiphyseal cartilage cells and rat chondrosarcoma cells. IC had no effect on mouse fibroblast L-cells ODC. The dose-response pattern of the IC effect indicated an all-or-none response with a threshold at 80 mm Hg, a pressure roughly equivalent to the in vivo weight bearing force. The km of the cartilage cell ODC, measured at four hours, was about 0.1 mM and was not affected by IC. The Vmax, on the other hand, was significantly reduced by IC which is consistent with less enzyme or non-competitive inhibition. IC also produced a significant increase in cAMP levels in both cartilage explants and isolated cells in the presence and absence of serum and a significant reduction in 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA. The findings show that cellular cAMP, on one hand, and ODC and DNA synthesis, on the other hand, change in opposite directions following exposure to serum and/or IC. Investigation of the IC effect on DNA synthesis in serum-deprived synchronized cartilage cells revealed that IC reduced the number of cells going into S but did not lengthen the G1 phase. Exposure to IC early in G1 (0-13 hours) produced the full effect, whereas IC application between 13 to 24 hours (pre S) had no effect. IC had no effect on 3H-thymidine incorporation in L-cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of chloride transport in mouse erythrocytes and friend virus-transformed erythroleukemic cells (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 98 (1979), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Friend erythroleukemic cells, which grow continuously in tissue culture, resemble in many respects early precursors of mouse erythrocytes. To determine whether or not the membranes of these cells exhibit the rapid and selective exchange of chloride, a specialized feature of the mature erythrocyte membrane, anion fluxes were compared in Friend cells and mouse erythrocytes. The chloride flux in Friend cells at 37°C was about 800-fold lower than in mouse erythrocytes (extrapolated from data at lower temperatures). This difference could not be accounted for by the somewhat lower chloride concentration in Friend cells relative to erythrocytes. Comparison of chloride and sulfate fluxes revealed that the Friend cells had over a 1,000-fold lower selectivity for chloride versus sulphate than did the mouse red cells. The temperature dependence of chloride fluxes in Friend cells corresponded to an Arrhenius activation energy of 17.9 kcal/mol, in contrast to over 30 kcal/mol for mature red cells. The chloride flux in Friend cells was also 10-fold less sensitive to the inhibitor, furosemide, than was the flux in mature red cells. The selective chloride exchange system of the mature erythrocyte therefore does not seem to be functional at the stage represented by the Friend cell, and must appear at some later stage of erythroid maturation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040980211
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal regulation of de novo purine synthesis and purine salvage in a cultured mouse T-cell lymphoma mutant partially deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 99 (1979), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The isolation and characterization of a mutant murine T-cell lymphoma (S49) with altered purine metabolism is described. This mutant, AU-100, was isolated from a mutagenized populatio of S49 cells by virtue of its resistance to 0.1 mM 6-azauridine in semisolid agarose. The AU-100 cells are resistant to adenosine mediated cytotoxicity but are extraordinarily sensitive to killing by guanosine.High performance liquid chromatography of AU-100 cells extracts has demonstrated that intracellular levels of GTP, IMP, and GMP are all elevated about 3-fold over those levels found in wild type cells. The AU-100 cells also contain an elevated intracellular level of pyrophosphoribosylphosphate (PPriboseP), which as in wild type cells is diminished by incubation of AU-100 cells with adenosine. However AU-100 cells synthesize purines de novo at a rate less than 35% of that found in wild type cells.In other growth rate experiments, the AU-100 cell line was shown to be resistant to 6-thioguanine and 6-mercaptopurine. Levels of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) measured in AU-100 cell extracts, however, are 50-66% greater than those levels of HGPRTase found in wild type cell extracts. Nevertheless this mutant S49 cell line cannot efficiently incorporate labeled hypoxanthine into nucleotides since the salvage enzyme HGPRTase is inhibited in vivo.The AU-100 cell line was found to be 80% deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase, but these cells are not auxotrophic for adenosine or other purines. The significant alterations in the control of purine de novo and salvage metabolism caused by the defect in adenylosuccinate synthetase are mediated by the resulting increased levels of guanosine necleotides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040990115
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defective transient endogenous spleen colony formation in S1/S1d mice (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 99 (1979), S. 31-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: WCB6F1 mice of the genotype S1/S1d did not form transient 5-day endogenous spleen colonies following midlethal irradiation, either spontaneously or in response to postirradiation bleeding. Their hematologically normal (+/+) littermates produced colonies equivalent in number and morphologic type to a normal strain (D2B6F1), as evaluated by both macroscopic and microscopic criteria. Bone marrow cells from S1/S1d mice, when transplanted into lethally irradiated +/+ mice, were able to generate equivalent numbers of transient endogenous spleen colonies (TE-CFUs), as compared to that obtained when syngeneic +/+ marrow cells were injected into lethally irradiated +/+ recipients. A defective growth of an early class of hematopoietic progenitor cells, resulting in the clinical course of the S1/S1d anemia is suggested and confirms previous reports on the microenvironmental nature of this abnormality.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040990105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of acrosomal enzymes following in vitro capacitation of ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 2 (1979), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: capacitation ; acrosomal enzymes ; rabbit sperm ; acrosomal membranes ; fertilization ; lysosomal enzymes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Significant release of the acrosomal enzymes arylsulfatase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase and hyaluronidase was observed following the treatment of ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa for 12 hours in 20% rabbit serum for inducing in vitro capacitation, and these sperm were capable of in vivo fertilization; however, the treatment of sperm for 15 minutes in high ionic strength (380 mOsm/kg) or low ionic strength medium (305 mOsm/kg) for in vitro capacitation did not result in any significant release of the above enzymes nor were the sperm capable of in vivo fertilization. Serum-treated spermatozoa remained significantly motile following the 12 hour treatment, 51% underwent the acrosome reaction and were capable of fertilizing 66% of the ova in vivo. Identical serum treatment of lysosomes from rabbit liver resulted in a comparable release of the lysosomal enzymes. Serum treatment for in vitro capacitation resulted in vesiculation of the anterior margin of half the spermatozoa, but left their inner acrosomal membranes and equatorial segments intact. A biochemical relationship between the release of acrosomal enzymes and capacitation is suggested.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120020102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and distribution of Type II supraependymal cells in the third ventricle of the guinea pigSupported in part by NIH Grant RR-05387-13. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 67-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution and morphology of phagocytic (Type II) supraependymal cells residing within the third ventricle of the guinea pig were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Type II supraependymal cells were restricted to nonciliated regions of the ventricle. They were most numerous on the choroid plexus, abundant within the infundibular recess and were present on the ventricular floor in the region of the median eminence. Morphologically, they were characterized by a soma from which pseudopodia-like processes extended to the subjacent ependyma. Type II cells varied in configuration according to their location. Those residing on the choroid plexus typically had irregular somas and possessed processes that generally terminated in finger-like extensions. In contrast, cells on the ventricular floor and within the infundibular recess were stellate and possessed processes that terminated in fan-like cytoplasmic expansions. There were no differences noted in the frequency, distribution or morphology of Type II supraependymal cells in male and female animals. Furthermore, cell frequency did not appear to vary in relation to the estrous cycle. The data suggest that the pleomorphism exhibited by Type II supraependymal cells may reflect adaptations to diverse environmental conditions present within different regions of the third ventricle.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microanatomy of the lung parenchyma of a tegu lizard Tupinambis nigropunctatusContribution No. 79-21-j, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 161 (1979), S. 257-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The combined techniques of light microscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy were used for the first time to study the structure of unicameral lungs of a Tegu lizard (Tupinambis nigropunctatus). The lungs are prolate spheroid bags with blood supplied by superficial branches of a dorsal pulmonary artery and returned by diffuse, more deeply located veins. The primary bronchus enters the medial aspect near the apex of the lung. The lung wall is composed of trabeculae: (1) arranged in a faviform pattern, (2) forming individual faveoli (gas exchange chambers) which appear deepest in the cranial one-half of the lung, (3) all of which have a smooth muscle core overlain by either a ciliated or nonciliated epithelium. A ciliated epithelium lines the luminal surfaces of the large primary trabeculae and parts of smaller secondary trabeculae; it is composed of cone-shaped cells with ciliated-microvillous surfaces, and of columnar serous secreting cells. Nonciliated epithelium covers the luminal surface of portions of some secondary trabeculae, abluminal surfaces of primary and secondary trabeculae and all surfaces of the small tertiary trabeculae forming the faveoli. The nonciliated epithelium overlies an extensive superficial capillary network. The blood-gas barrier (0.7-1.0 μm thick) is composed of a thin cytoplasmic flange of Type I pneumonocytes, a thick homogeneous basal lamina and an attenuated endothelial cytoplasm. Numerous surfactant-producing Type II pneumonocytes are closely associated with the Type I pneumonocytes. The nonrespiratory ciliated epithelium may function in humidification of air and clearing of the lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051610303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative light and electron microscopic study of the pineal complex in the deep-sea fishes, Cyclothone signata and C. acclinidens (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 162 (1979), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pineal complexes of the two closely related deep-sea fishes Cyclothone signata and C. acclinidens were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. Photoreceptor and supportive cells were identified in both species. The deeper-dwelling species, C. acclinidens, had a significantly greater number of photoreceptor-cell outer segment saccules and a higher ratio of receptor cells to nerve fibers in the pineal stalk. It was suggested that these indicate increased photosensitivity of the pineal. Supportive cells were sometimes seen to contain arrays of undulating tubules. The functional significance of these tubules is not understood. A prominent dorsal sac is closely associated with the pineal end-vesicle. Both structures appear to have a common vascular supply suggesting that they are functionally related. Dorsal sac cells contained abundant mitochondria, glycogen, and large filament-like inclusions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051620102
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