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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (49)
  • Physics
  • 1975-1979  (89)
  • 1978  (89)
  • 1
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    Wind field measurement in the nonprecipitous regions surrounding severe storms by an airborne pulsed Doppler lidar system (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 59
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems: Executive Summary (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: A summarization of committee findings relative to the five topic areas of severe storms, turbulence, icing, visibility and lightning is given.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Tenn. Univ. Space Inst. Proc. of the 2nd Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 1-14
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Information content of sky intensity and polarization measurements at right angles to the solar direction (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper presents the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study of the brightness and polarization at right angles to the solar direction both for ground-based observations (looking up) and for satellite-based systems (looking down). Calculations have been made for a solar zenith angle whose cosine was 0.6 and wavelengths ranging from 3500 A to 9500 A. A sensitivity of signatures to total aerosol loading, aerosol particle size distribution and refractive index, and the surface reflectance albedo has been demonstrated. For Lambertian-type surface reflection the albedo effects enter solely through the intensity sensitivity, and very high correlations have been found between the polarization term signatures for the ground-based and satellite-based systems. Potential applications of these results for local albedo predictions and satellite imaging systems recalibrations are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Applied Optics; 17; July 15
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Post-volcanic stratospheric aerosol decay as measured by lidar (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper summarizes and discusses results of lidar observations, at Hampton (Virginia), of the stratospheric aerosol vertical distribution for a period of 22 months (October 1974 to July 1976) after the volcanic eruption of the Volcan de Fuego in Guatemala. Data are presented in terms of lidar scattering ratio, vertically integrated aerosol backscattering, layer structure and location, and rawinsonde temperature profiles as a function of time. The results reveal a sudden increase in the stratospheric aerosol content after the volcanic eruption as well as its subsequent decline. There exists a high degree of correlation between the integrated aerosol backscattering and the tropopause height such that as one decreases the other increases and vice versa. Rapid decay of the stratospheric aerosol is found to occur over the late winter to early spring period.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 35; July 197
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    The effects of curvature and viscosity on baroclinic instability: A two-layer model (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A linear stability analysis of a baroclinic zonal current contained between two parallel rigid boundaries is presented. Curvature is included by performing the analysis on a beta b-plane and viscosity by allowing for the effects of Ekman layers on the rigid boundaries. A two-layer model is used. This calculation was carried out to assist in the design of a spherical model of the general circulation of the earth's atmosphere for Spacelab. In the low-gravity environment on an orbiting vehicle, a dominant radial dielectric body force, analogous to planetary gravity, can be achieved over a volume of liquid held between two concentric spheres. The results show the Eady short wavelength cutoff, and long wavelength cutoffs due to Ekman damping and curvature.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TP-1328 , M-264
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Sequential High-Resolution Wind Profile Measurements (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Tropospheric flow and lower stratospheric flow as measured by 94 sequences of high-resolution Jimsphere balloon data are presented and discussed. The 70 and 24 sequential series are presented for the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and Point Mugu, California, areas, respectively. Supplemental data, consisting of the associative temperature profiles and surface and 200 mb synoptic maps, are also presented. The measurements are discussed relative to both the engineering and disciplinary areas. An initial subjective analysis of mesoscale features observed on some sequences is presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TP-1354
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    A comparison of cloud motion winds from ATS 6 images with coinciding SMS 1 winds (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A methodology is developed for accurate measurement of cloud motion winds from the geosynchronous ATS 6 image data. Attitude changes between consecutive images (as a function of scan-line number) are accounted for in wind computations through measurement of the earth-edge displacements between the successive infrared images. Also, an image matching procedure is used to remove obvious and distracting image distortions. The availability of SMS imagery coinciding with ATS 6 imagery makes SMS an excellent reference against which the quality of ATS 6 winds can be tested. The resulting winds inferred from cloud displacement measurements taken from a sequence of the corrected images are found to agree better than 2 m/sec rms with winds measured from coincident SMS 1 imagery.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 17; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    A two satellite technique for measuring atmospheric surface pressure (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A two-satellite system configuration is designed in which one satellite transmits a signal which is reflected from the sea surface and received by the other satellite. The time delay of the signal is measured. By selecting the geometry such that the signal path makes a small grazing angle with the sea surface, the amount of troposphere passed through and hence the magnitude of the tropospheric effect is maximized; requirements on timing accuracy are thus relaxed. The vacuum path length of the radar signals must be subtracted from the measured path length in order to compute the tropospheric effect, which is highly correlated to the atmospheric surface pressure. This is done by measuring the time delays along three additional paths. The use of an operational constellation of several satellites further decreases sensitivity to geoidal errors.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Plenary Meeting; May 29, 1978 - Jun 10, 1978; Innsbruck; Austria
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Visions of the future operational meteorological satellite system (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Visionary concepts of the operational environmental satellite system of the 1990's are presented. These exploit planned and anticipated advances in technology. The system comprises 8 Low Earth Orbitors (LEOS) at 500 km height for global coverage at 3 hourly intervals and 3 Geosynchronous Earth Orbitors (GEOS) for Western Hemisphere coverage with stereo capability and near simultaneous viewing of several regional areas. The LEOS emphasize passive and active microwave and Lidar sensing; the GEOS focus on high resolution visible and IR imaging and passive soundings. The GEOS also serve as data relays from the LEOS and as data collection platforms for hazard-related data. An integrated data management system ties the space fleet together and blends the data with that from all other observing systems to process and distribute the data and products to all users.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: EASCON ''78; Electronics and Aerospace Systems Convention; Sep 25, 1978 - Sep 27, 1978; Arlington, VA
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The proceedings of a workshop held at the University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, Tennessee, March 28-30, 1978, are reported. The workshop was jointly sponsored by NASA, NOAA, FAA, and brought together many disciplines of the aviation communities in round table discussions. The major objectives of the workshop are to satisfy such needs of the sponsoring agencies as the expansion of our understanding and knowledge of the interactions of the atmosphere with aviation systems, as the better definition and implementation of services to operators, and as the collection and interpretation of data for establishing operational criteria, relating the total meteorological inputs from the atmospheric sciences to the needs of aviation communities.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CP-2057 , FAA-RD-78-99 , Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems; Mar 28, 1978 - Mar 30, 1978; Tullahoma, TN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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