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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectrometry of N-nitrosaminesResearch sponsored by the Energy Research and Development Administration under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation. (1978)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1978), S. 395-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of a series of N-nitrosamines for carcinogenicity studies presented an opportunity to study mass spectral fragmentation schemes in detail. Condensed spectra are listed for 146 N-nitrosamines of widely differing structures, including nitroso derivatives of commercial drugs and insecticides. Aliphatic nitrosamines were generally characterized by molecular ions and loss of OH. Subsequent fragmentation via α-cleavage is similar to that of aliphatic amines. The loss of OH is believed to result in a cyclic ion. Substituted aliphatic nitrosamines varied in fragmentation schemes with structure and position of the substituent groups. However, most showed α-cleavage at some point in fragmentation. When substituted with aromatic groups, prominent peaks due to the aromatic moiety were observed. The alicyclic nitrosamines showed losses of NO, NOH and OH and subsequent α-cleavages. Nitrosamides were characterized by rupture of the carbonyl to nitrogen bond. Spectra of substituted ureas usually showed charge retention by the carbonyl fragment, while carbamate esters showed ions from both fragments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200050606
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemische Reaktionen in Salzschmelzen. XVIII. Die Synthese des Methylzinntrichlorids, CH3SnCl3 (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 444 (1978), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical Reactions in Molten Salts. XVIII. Synthesis of Methyltin Trichloride, Ch3SnCl3A process for the synthesis of CH3SnCl3 by reaction of molten SnCl2 and CH2Cl infused salts is described. Out of the systems investigated with NaCl, KCl, AlCl3, ZnCl2, KZnCl3, LiAlCl4, NaAlCl4, KAlCl4, and CuAlCl4, the systems with NaAlCl4 and NaAlCl4/KAlCl4 proved best. We measured the space-time-yield (RZA) as a function of the salts admixed to SnCl2 as well as a function of the reaction temperatur, gasification, and inlet rate of CH3Cl respectively. The optimum reaction conditions are investigated and the system SnCl2//NaAlCl4 is described.
    Notes: Ein Verfahren zur Synthese von CH3SnCl3 durch Reaktion von geschmolzenem SnCl2 mit CH3Cl in Salzschmelzen wird beschrieben. Von den untersuchten Systemen mit NaCl, KCl, AlCl3, ZnCl2, KZnCl3, LiAlCl4, NaAlCl4, KAlCl4 und CuAlCl4 erwiesen sich als besonders vorteilhaft NaAlCl4 und NaAlCl4/KAlCl4. Gemessen wurde die Abhängigkeit der Raum-Zeit-Ausbeute (RZA) vom Zusatz von Fremdsalz zum SnCl2 sowie von der Reaktions-Temperatur, der Begasung und der Einleitgeschwindigkeit von CH3Cl, und die optimalen Versuchsbedingungen bestimmt. Das System SnCl2/NaAlCl4 wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19784440102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H- und 13C-NMR-spektroskopische Messungen und MO-Berechnungen zur π-Elektronenstruktur von p,p′-disubstituierten trans-Stilbenen und substituierten trans-β-Styryl-methyl-sulfonen (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 320 (1978), S. 922-932 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H and 13C n.m.r. Spectroscopical Measurements and HMO-π-Calculations to the π-Electronic Structure of p,p′-Disubstituted trans-Stilbenes and Substituted trans-β-Styryl-methyl-SulfonesThe 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectra have been measured for a series of donator-acceptor-disubstituted trans-stilbenes 1 and monosubstituted β-styryl-methyl-sulfones 2. The 13C n.m.r.-signals have been identified by comparison with empirical calculated chemical shifts and quantum chemical determined HMO-π-electrons densities. The influence of substitutents to the experimental chemical shifts are discussed in detail. For 1 and 2 exist linear correlations between chemical shifts and HAMMETT values, and π-electron densities, respectively.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19783200605
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The computer simulation of batch emulsion polymerization reactors through a detailed mathematical model (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 89-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A computational algorithm for the detailed simulation of a batch emulsion polymerization reactor is discussed. The model is applied to the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, and the model predictions are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data. Further computations show the influence of reactor operating conditions on the polymer product and the reactor performance.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220108
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Swelling and rheology of saponified starch-g-polyacrylonitrile copolymers. Effect of starch granule pretreatment and grafted chain length (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 1343-1357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of well-characterized starch-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) graft copolymers was prepared from corn starch which had been heated in water at temperatures up to 94°C to vary the extent of starch granule swelling and disruption. Graft polymerization onto gelatinized starch gave less frequent grafting of higher molecular weight PAN than comparable graft polymerizations onto ungelatinized starch. A graft copolymer was also prepared from gelatinized starch under high dilution conditions to give lower molecular weight grafted PAN and more frequent grafting. Graft copolymers were then saponified with sodium hydroxide to convert nitrile substituents to a mixture of carboxamide and sodium carboxylate. Saponified graft copolymers were only partially water soluble and consisted largely of highly swollen, insoluble gel, which was separated from solubles for the study of physical properties. Saponification mixtures were also dried to yield highly absorbent polymer films. With the exception of the graft copolymer prepared under high dilution conditions, the physical properties of saponified graft copolymers depended on whether or not the granules of starch were gelatinized before graft polymerization. Compared with saponified graft copolymers derived from ungelatinized starch, those prepared from gelatinized starch gave films that absorbed larger amounts of aqueous fluids. Also, the gel fractions from these saponified gelatinized polymers exhibited higher water swelling, lower shear modulus, and a lower reduced viscosity function (η/cQ). The saponified graft copolymer prepared from gelatinized starch under high dilution conditions more closely resembled those prepared from ungelatinized starch, suggesting that molecular weight of grafted PAN and the grafting frequency rather than starch granule pretreatment might be the most important factor which influences properties.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070220515
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-deposited polymer films. III. The effects of gamma irradiation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2805-2816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The results of a study of irradiated and unirradiated samples of polymers prepared by plasma polymerization in an inductively coupled radiofrequency (rf) reactor using infrared, elemental, thermogravimetric, and ESR analyses and density and refractive index measurements are presented. The plasma-formed polymers studied include polypropylene, poly(ethylbenzene), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), and poly(trimethylchlorosilane).
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1978.070221009
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of refiner defibrizing on the fermentability of ryegrass straw (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 567-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of two grinding methods, hammer milling and defibrizing by disk refining, on the fermentability of ryegrass straw were investigated. Disk refined or defibrized straw produced more sugar than hammer milled straw. Release of sugar was especially pronounced when H2SO4 was added to the straw during the defibrizing process. In vitro rumen digestibility was significantly higher (P 〈 0.1) for defibrized than for hammer milled straw. With semisolid culture the level of yeast growth was about three times as high on the defibrized as on hammer milled straw. A scanning electron micrograph revealed that defibrizing removed the waxy surface of the straw as well as separating fiber bundles, so that the surface area of the exposed fiber structure was increased.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200408
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation to increased resistance to phenol in Pseudomonas putida (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 917-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200612
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of manufacturing variables on the characteristics and effectiveness of chitosan products. I. Chemical composition, viscosity, and molecular-weight distribution of chitosan products (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1931-1943 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ten chitosan products were manufactured from dry shrimp hulls under differing process conditions and compared to a commercially available product. Manufacturing variables tested were: alkali versus enzymatic deproteination; acid demineralization versus no treatment; air versus nitrogen atmosphere; 5 min vs. 15 min deacetylation period: and varying the particle size of the dry starting material. Deproteination by alkali of enzymatic extraction did not substantially affect the nitrogen and ash compositions of dry chitosan samples. However, the viscosity was reduced in samples deproteinated by enzymatic hydrolysis. Elimination of the demineralization step resulted in products having 31-36% ash, as expected. Some differences in viscosity were observed between deminiralized and undemineralized samples, but on important differences in the molecular-weight distribution of these samples were evident. Purging the reaction vessel with nitrogen resulted in chitosan preparations having higher viscosities and molecular-weight distributions than those prepared in an air atmosphere. The degradative effect of air became more proshrimp hulls to 1 mm prior to any treatment resulted in a chitosan product of both higher viscosity and molecular weight than when ground to either 2 or 6.4 mm. Viscosity was not always a direct indicator of molecular weight, for although the presence of colloidal particles increased the viscosity of some samples, the molecular-weight distribution after filtration was essentially the same as in other less viscous samples.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260201208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen an stahlfaserverstärktem Aluminium unter Torsions- und Druckbeanspruchungen (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 9 (1978), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of Steel Fiber Reinforced Aluminium under Torsional and Compressive LoadingA fiber-shaped composite material which, due to its fabrication process and internal structure may be called a double fiber composite, and whose strength behaviour is significantly influenced by boundary layers and porosity has been tested by means of two test methods: 1The possibility is demonstrated to determine by a non-destructive elastic torsional test the useful cross section for the utilization of the material, taking the quality-reducing factors into consideration.2Pressure tests have shown good agreement with Timoshenko and Gere's wave theory extended in this particular case. .
    Notes: Die Erprobung eines faserförmigen Verbundwerkstoffes, der durch Herstellungsverfahren und inneren Aufbau als Doppelfaserverbund zu bezeichnen ist und dessen Festigkeitsverhalten durch Grenzschichten und Porosität wesentlich beeinflußt wird, wurde mittels zweier Prüfverfahren durchgeführt: 1Es wird die Möglichkeit aufgezeigt, den nutzbaren Querschnitt für den Einsatz des Materials unter Berücksichtigung der qualitätsmindernden Faktoren im elastischen Torsionsversuch zerstörungsfrei zu ermitteln.2Durch Druckversuche wurde eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der hier erweiterten Wellentheorie von Timoshenko und Gere erzielt. .
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19780090109
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