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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (150)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1975-1979  (176)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
  • 1978  (176)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1975-1979  (176)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1960-1964
Year
  • 1
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    Martian atmosphere modeling between 0.4 and 3.5 microns - Comparison of theory and experiment (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A model of the lower atmosphere of Mars has been constructed that combines aerosol absorption and scattering with a line-by-line analysis of CO2 and H2O in a multilayer radiative transfer program. Aerosol composition previously inferred from the NASA Lear Jet Observatory data was used to measure the optical complex indices of refraction of appropriate Martian analogs from 0.4 to 2.5 microns. The aerosol vertical particle density scale was deduced using the Viking camera observations of the soil and sky intensities between 0.4 and 1.0 microns in comparison with those modeled using a multilayer Mie scattering program. A comparison of observed Mars atmospheric absorptions was made with those obtained using Lorentz, Voigt, and Doppler line profiles in a multilayer model of the CO2 and H2O. The Voigt line profile of CO2 absorption at approximately 4976 kaysers was then combined in a multilayer aerosol model of the Martian atmosphere. An evaluation of the effect on the line shape was made using several aerosol loadings.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: In: Symposium on Planetary Atmospheres; Aug 16, 1977 - Aug 19, 1977; Ottawa; Canada
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    The radii of Uranian rings alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, eta, 4, 5, and 6 from their occultations of SAO 158687 (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: All available timing data for the occultations of SAO 158687 on March 10, 1977, by the cited rings of Uranus are analyzed. Least-squares fits to the data are performed using a model which postulates that rings alpha, beta, gamma, and delta are circular and coplanar. A solution obtained under the assumption that the ring plane coincides with the plane of the satellite orbits is adopted which yields radii of 44,844 km for ring alpha, 45,799 km for ring beta, 47,746 km for ring gamma, and 48,423 km for ring delta. The uncertainties in these values are discussed along with the apparent shapes and inclinations of these main rings. The mean radii estimated for the other rings are: 47,323 km for ring eta, 42,663 km for ring 4, 42,360 km for ring 5, and 41,980 km for ring 6.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal; 83; Aug. 197
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of tobacco smoke on the metabolism and function of rat alveolar macrophagesPresented in part at the 1976 meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alveolar macrophages harvested by bronchopulmonary lavage from rats exposed to tobacco smoke for 30 days (“smokers”) showed alterations in oxidative metabolism, lactate production and phagocytosis of inert starch particles when compared with control macrophages. Phagocytosis of viable Staphylococcus aureus was unaffected by tobacco smoke. Glucose oxidation measured by conversion of glucose-1-14C to 14CO2 was moderately affected while oxidation of glucose-6-14C to 14CO2 was not. Smokers routinely yielded fewer cells than controls, though these cells contained approximately 17% more protein than did controls. Opsonization of particles was not necessary for macrophages from either smoker or control animals to manifest a respiratory burst and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release during phagocytosis. The glycolytic inhibitors, sodium fluoride and iodoacetamide, while effectively blocking glycolysis, did not inhibit phagocytosis by macrophages from either group. The results reported clearly distinguish alveolar macrophages from other phagocytic cells (peritoneal macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and suggest a state of non-specific activation caused by exposure to tobacco smoke.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950113
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissociation of plasminogen activator from the transformed phenotype in a 5-Bromodeoxyuridine dependent mutant of syrian hamster melanoma cells (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 95 (1978), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between plasminogen activator levels and the expression of the transformed phenotype was studied in a 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) dependent mutant of Syrian hamster melanoma cells. In terms of cell morphology and cellular interactions, the BrdUrd dependent cells resemble transformed cells when grown in the presence of BrdUrd but resemble untransformed cells when grown in the absence of BrdUrd. It was found that the BrdUrd dependent cells release significant levels of plasminogen activator only when cultured in the absence of BrdUrd. In the presence of BrdUrd, the release of plasminogen activator by the dependent cells is suppressed, and the decreased level of plasminogen activator released in the presence of BrdUrd seems to be due to decreased production of active enzyme. Growth tests revealed that the BrdUrd dependent cells, when attached to a substrate, required BrdUrd in order to attain high densities. Furthermore, the cells are able to grow well in soft agar only in the presence of BrdUrd. These results suggest that the production and release of high levels of plasminogen activator are not related (either as cause or effect) to the expression of the transformed phenotype in the BrdUrd dependent cellsThe effect of dog serum (as a plasminogen source) on the BrdUrd dependent cells also was tested. It was found that cells cultured in medium containing dog serum exhibit a morphological alteration, but only in the absence of BrdUrd. The morphological response of the cells to dog serum resembles that previously observed with virus-transformed cells. In the BrdUrd dependent cells, the morphological response to dog serum appears correlated with the release of plasminogen activator but separated from other transformed characteristics.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040950305
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunocytochemical localization of the cortical granule lectin in fertilized and unfertilized eggs of xenopus laevis (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 1 (1978), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: immunoperoxidase localization ; fertilization ; Xenopus laevis ; cortical reaction ; block to polyspermy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: At fertilization, the vitelline envelope surrounding the egg of Xenopus laevis is modified by the addition of an electron-dense component termed the “F layer.” The F layer functions as a block to polyspermy and as a block to the escape of macromolecules from the perivitelline space, thereby causing an osmotically driven envelope elevation. F-layer formation has been hypothesized to result from interaction between a cortical-granule lectin, released in the cortical reaction, and a jelly-coat ligand. Evidence for this hypothesis was sought by determining the location of the cortical-granule lectin both before and after fertilization, using a specific antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. The cortical-granule lectin was localized only in the cortical granules of the unfertilized egg and was located predominantly in the perivitelline space and the F layer of a fertilized egg. These observations support the hypothesis that the F layer is formed by a cortical-granule-Iectin-jelly layer-ligand interaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120010104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
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    Conclusions derived from the evidence on accretion in meteorites (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A study of the evidence on accretion in meteorites shows that gross chemical features of chondritic meteorite type were established by accretion of materials with characteristic chemical and isotopic compositions. Some meteorites have been subjected to intensive mechanical and/or thermal processes. Mixing has occurred among meteorite types, presumably late in the accretion sequence. From the materials which appear to have escaped substantial modification it can be concluded that the relative velocities between accreting grains varied but in some cases were very low. Accretion took place after most, if not all, of the gaseous components had been separated from the condensed portion of solar matter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Crustal evolution inferred from Apollo magnetic measurements (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Magnetic field and solar wind plasma density measurements were analyzed to determine the scale size characteristics of remanent fields at the Apollo 12, 15, and 16 landing sites. Theoretical model calculations of the field-plasma interaction, involving diffusion of the remanent field into the solar plasma, were compared to the data. The information provided by all these experiments shows that remanent fields over most of the lunar surface are characterized by spatial variations as small as a few kilometers. Large regions (50 to 100 km) of the lunar crust were probably uniformly magnetized during early crustal evolution. Bombardment and subsequent gardening of the upper layers of these magnetized regions left randomly oriented, smaller scale (5 to 10 km) magnetic sources close to the surface. The larger scale size fields of magnitude approximately 0.1 gammas are measured by the orbiting subsatellite experiments and the small scale sized remanent fields of magnitude approximately 100 gammas are measured by the surface experiments.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-78524 , A-7608
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Infrared observations of asteroids from earth and space (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Infrared reflectances at wavelength between 1 and 4 micrometers are used for determining asteroid surface mineralogy, surface composition, diameters, and albedos. Thermal models were developed for analyzing infrared observations at longer wavelengths. The discovery of a spectral feature due to water of hydration on Ceres seems to contradict the mineralogy inferred from spectrophotometry.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington Asteroids; p 127-144
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Feasibility of rocket propellant production on Mars (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In situ production of rocket propellant to reduce landed mass requirements for Mars return missions has been investigated. The analysis has shown that a system which utilizes atmospheric carbon dioxide and soil moisture to produce liquid methane-oxygen propellant requires a landed mass which is less than half the mass of the ascent vehicle it produces.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Acta Astronautica; 5; Sept
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Atomic carbon emission from photodissociation of CO2 (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Atomic carbon fluorescence, C I 1561, 1657, and 1931 A, has been observed from photodissociation of CO2, and the production cross sections have been measured. A line emission source provided the primary photons at wavelengths from threshold to 420 A. The present results suggest that the excited carbon atoms are produced by total dissociation of CO2 into three atoms. The cross sections for producing the O I 1304-A fluorescence through photodissociation of CO2 are found to be less than 0.01 Mb in the wavelength region from 420 to 835 A. The present data have implications with respect to photochemical processes in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; Oct. 1
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