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  • 1
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    An analysis of the first two years of GASP data (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Distributions of mean ozone levels from the first two years of data from the NASA Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) show spatial and temporal variations in agreement with previous measurements. The standard deviations of these distributions reflect the large natural variability of ozone levels in the altitude range of the GASP measurements. Monthly mean levels of ozone below the tropopause show an annual cycle with a spring maximum which is believed to result from transport from the stratosphere. Correlations of ozone with independent meteorological parameters, and meteorological parameters obtained by the GASP systems show that this transport occurs primarily through cyclogenesis at mid-latitudes. The GASP water vapor data, analyzed with respect to the location of the tropopause, correlates well with the simultaneously obtained ozone and cloud data.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: In: Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants; Nov 06, 1977 - Nov 11, 1977; New Orleans, LA
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Detached auroral arcs in the trough region (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In a previous paper, Moshupi et al. (1977) have reported on the occurrence of rare auroral 'patches' equatorward of the normally well-defined boundary of diffuse aurora. Some less spectacular but more common arclike features were observed in the same 'trough' region (between the plasmapause and the auroral oval) during the period 1972-1975. These 'detached' arcs show some similarities to stable auroral red arcs in terms of their location and occurrence, but are completely different spectroscopically in that the stable auroral red arcs produce almost pure atomic oxygen red line emissions, whereas the detached arcs are deficient in red line emission - a feature implying totally different production mechanisms. The characteristics of the detached lines are described, including their unusual local time/longitude dependence.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 83; June 1
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  • 3
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    The Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) experiment (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: Thermal emission and solar resonance fluorescence from the atmospheric limb are reported. Global measurements are made of radiation from the molecular species. The gas correlation spectroscopy technique based on the use of gas cells to select emission from chosen spectral lines or from particular parts of spectral lines is used. The source function and departure from the thermodynamic equilibrium between 80 and 130 kilometers associated with CO2 emission bands were investigated. The zonal wind velocity component along the line of sight is measured.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The Nimbus 7 User's Guide; p 139-174
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    The reaction Cl + H2CO yields HCl + HCO: Decreased sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to chlorine perturbations (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The absolute rate constant for the reaction Cl + H2CO yields HCl + HCO has been determined by the flash-photolysis-resonance fluorescence method to be + or - 0.9 (2 sigma) x 10 to the -11th power cu cm/molecule per sec at 298 K and to have a negligible temperature dependence. This rate, which at stratospheric temperatures is more than 2000 times faster than the rate of Cl + CH4 and more than a factor of 2 faster than Cl + HO2, indicates that formaldehyde (H2CO) will compete significantly with methane (CH4) and HO2 for the conversion of active chlorine in the stratosphere to the inactive reservoir HCl. Chlorine will thus be a less efficient destroyer of stratospheric ozone than previously believed. One-dimensional eddy-diffusion photochemical model calculations indicate that the eventual ozone depletion for a steady-state chlorfluoromethane release at 1975 rates (750,000 tons/year) will be lowered from 20% to 18.5% by the inclusion of this reaction.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 5; Oct. 197
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  • 5
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    Stratospheric ozone measurement with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A stratospheric ozone absorption line in the 10 micron band was measured and resolved completely, using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer with a spectral resolution of 5 MHz. The vertical concentration profile of stratospheric ozone was obtained through an analytical inversion of the measured spectra line profile. The absolute total column density was 0.32 plus or minus 0.02 cm-atm with a peak mixing ratio occurring at approximately 24 km. The (7,1,6) - (7,1,7) O3 line center frequency was found to be 1043.1772 plus or minus 0.00033 cm/1 or 420 plus or minus 10 MHz higher than the P(24) CO2 laser line frequency.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: WMO Geophys. Aspects and Consequences of Changes in the Composition of the Stratosphere; p 99-101
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  • 6
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    Measurements of constituents of interest in the photochemistry of the ozone layer using infrared techniques (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Infrared solar spectra and infrared atmospheric emission spectra were obtained from the ground, from aircraft and from balloons. The initial detection of most stratospheric molecules was achieved by the solar spectral technique because better resolution helps remove interference from other molecules. Because the sun is an intense source of radiation, the resolution which can be obtained with good signal-to-noise, is greater than with atmospheric emission spectroscopy. Data are generally taken using a method that enhances the number of molecules in the optical path i.e. at large solar zenith angles for solar spectra and at low elevation angles for atmospheric emission spectra. The search for molecules which are predicted to be present but which, the detection of a molecule known to be present from other measurement techniques but observed for the first time in infrared solar spectra, and some further data on the variability of HNO3 are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: WMO Geophys. Aspects and Consequences of Changes in the Composition of the Stratosphere; p 61-68
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  • 7
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    The reaction Cl + H2CO yields HCl + HCO: Decreased sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to chlorine perturbations (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The absolute rate constant for the reaction Cl + H2CO yields HCl + HCO was determined by the flash-photolysis resonance fluorescence method to be 7.5 plus or minus 0.9 (2 sigma) times 10 to the minus 11th power cu cm/molecule sec at 298 K and to have a negligible temperature dependence. This rate which is more than 2000 times faster than the rate of Cl + CH4 indicates that formaldehyde (H2CO) will compete significantly with methane (CH4) for the conversion of active chlorine in the stratosphere to the inactive reservoir HCl. Chlorine will thus be a less efficient destroyer of stratosphere ozone than previously believed. Ambient stratospheric ozone will depend less on the ambient chlorine amount and the predicted response to chlorine perturbations will be lessened. One-dimensional eddy-diffusion photochemical model calculations indicate a factor of 1.1 less sensitivity to chlorine than recently reported. For a steady-state CFM release at 1975 rates (750,000 tons/year) the eventual ozone depletion is now calculated to be 14%.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-79552
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Gain degradation and amplitude scintillation due to tropospheric turbulence (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is shown that a simple physical model is adequate for the prediction of the long term statistics of both the reduced signal levels and increased peak-to-peak fluctuations. The model is based on conventional atmospheric turbulence theory and incorporates both amplitude and angle of arrival fluctuations. This model predicts the average variance of signals observed under clear air conditions at low elevation angles on earth-space paths at 2, 7.3, 20 and 30 GHz. Design curves based on this model for gain degradation, realizable gain, amplitude fluctuation as a function of antenna aperture size, frequency, and either terrestrial path length or earth-space path elevation angle are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-156796 , ESL-784299-6
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  • 9
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    Aerosol size distributions obtained by inversion of spectral optical depth measurements (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Columnar aerosol size distributions have been inferred by numerically inverting particulate optical depth measurements as a function of wavelength. An inversion formula which explicitly includes the magnitude of the measurement variances is derived and applied to optical depth measurements obtained in Tucson with a solar radiometer. It is found that the individual size distributions of the aerosol particles (assumed spherical), at least for radii greater than or approximately equal to 0.1 micron, fall into one of three distinctly different categories. Approximately 50% of all distributions examined thus far can best be represented as a composite of a Junge distribution plus a distribution of relatively monodispersed larger particles centered at a radius of about 0.5 micron. Scarcely 20% of the distributions yielded Junge size distributions, while 30% yielded relatively monodispersed distributions of the log-normal or gamma distribution types. A representative selection of each of these types will be presented and discussed. The sensitivity of spectral attenuation measurements to the radii limits and refractive index assumed in the numerical inversion will also be addressed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 35; Nov. 197
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  • 10
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    Mobile radio interferometric geodetic systems (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Operation of the Astronomical Radio Interferometric Earth Surveying (ARIES) in a proof of concept mode is discussed. Accuracy demonstrations over a short baseline, a 180 km baseline, and a 380 km baseline are documented. Use of ARIES in the Sea Slope Experiment of the National Geodetic Survey to study the apparent differences between oceanographic and geodetic leveling determinations of the sea surface along the Pacific Coast is described. Intergration of the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System and a concept called SERIES (Satellite Emission Radio Interferometric Earth Surveying) is briefly reviewed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Ohio State Univ. Appl. of Geodesy to Geodyn., an Intern. Symp.; p 47-51
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