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1

Electronic Resource

The Industry-Level Impact of Information Technology: An Empirical Analysis of Three Industries (1995)

Segars, Albert H. ; Grover, Varun

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Decision sciences 26 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1540-5915

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: As noted by several observers, information technology (IT) has rapidly evolved from “part of the organizational overhead” into a strategic resource capable of changing patterns of competition within industries [8, p. 275]. However, while this evolution has become part of the fabric for literature exploring the strategic impact of IT, very few studies have been undertaken to determine the specific influence(s) of technology-based competition on industry structure. The development of analytical frames for capturing aspects of industry behavior provides a potentially powerful tool for evaluating the influence strategic IT initiatives may have on current bases of competition. Drawing from the theoretical disciplines of industrial economics and strategic management, this study develops a framework for analyzing longitudinal changes in industry structure. Working within this frame, the study then analyzes the nature and change of structure in three industries during and after the introduction of strategic information technology. The findings suggest that in each of these industries structural characteristics were dramatically altered subsequent to the introduction of competitive-based IT. In two of the industries (airlines and industrial chemicals), early adopters broke away from other industry participants, in effect, forming unique bases of competition. In the remaining industry (drug wholesalers), previously distinct bases of competition consolidated, resulting in a more competitive industry structure than that which existed prior to the technological innovation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1995.tb01432.x

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2

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Decisions to Outsource Information Systems Functions: Testing a Strategy-Theoretic Discrepancy Model (1995)

Teng, James T. C. ; Cheon, Myun Joong ; Grover, Varun

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Decision sciences 26 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1540-5915

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: In recent years, the decision to outsource information systems (IS) functions has become a viable strategic alternative in managing the increasingly complex IS functions. In this study, the IS outsourcing phenomenon is conceptualized as a strategic decision in the organization. Drawing on resource-based theories, resource dependence theories, and other theories of strategic management, a discrepancy model of this decision is developed. Relationships between a number of strategy-theoretic factors and the IS outsourcing decision are hypothesized. These factors include IS resource performance discrepancies manifested in the form of gaps in information quality, IS support quality, IS cost effectiveness and financial performance, as well as the strategic orientation of the firm. Results of the study indicate that, while cost consideration and the firm's financial performance are not associated with the IS outsourcing decision, difficulties in providing good information outputs and IS support services are associated with the decision. Overall, the findings suggest that the current trend toward outsourcing represents a continuing evolution of the IS function as it attempts to fulfill its traditional mission of providing high quality information resource to the firm. When the performance of the delivered resource begins to slip in the current environment of rising expectation and technological complexity, outsourcing may become a strategic response of necessity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for practicing managers and suggestions for future research.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1995.tb00838.x

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3

Electronic Resource

On microbial states of growth (1995)

Fishov, Itzhak ; Zaritsky, Arieh ; Grover, N. B.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Molecular microbiology 15 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2958

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: It is crucial to the reproducibility of results and their proper interpretation that the conditions under which experiments are carried out be defined with rigour and consistency, in this review we attempt to clarify the differences and interrelationships among steady, balanced and exponential states of culture growth. Basic thermodynamic concepts are used to introduce the idea of steady-state growth in open, biological systems. The classical, sometimes conflicting, definitions of steady-state and balanced growth are presented, and a consistent terminology is proposed. The conditions under which a culture in balanced growth is also in exponential growth and in steady-state growth are indicated. It is pointed out that steady-state growth always implies both balanced and exponential growth, and examples in which the converse does not hold are described. More complex situations are then characterized and the terminology extended accordingly. This leads to the notion of normal growth and growth that can be synchronous or otherwise unbalanced but still reproducible, and to the condition of approximate steady state manifested by growth in batch culture and by asymmetrically dividing cells, which is analysed in some detail.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02349.x

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4

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Nitrogen Metabolism of the Upper Three Leaf Blades of Wheat at Different Soil Nitrogen Levels (1978)

GROVER, H. L. ; NAIR, T. V. R. ; ABROL, Y. P.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 42 (1978), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Some aspects of nitrogen metabolism, during grain development, of the upper three leaf blades on the mainshoot of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Pusa Lerma, grown under three soil nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 120 kg ha-1), were investigated. It was observed that these leaf blades were active in NO-3 assimilation. Of the leaf blades, the flag lead blade had significantly higher nitrate reductase activity, higher amount of free amino acid and soluble protein content, whereas the content of NO-3 was significantly lower than in the other two leaf blades. Application of soil nitrogen significantly enhanced the nitrate reductase activity (N30 over N0 and N120 over N30), free amino acid (N30 over N0 and N120 over N30), soluble protein (N120 over N0) and NO-3 content (N30 and N120 over N0) in all three leaf blades. During the 35-day period, viz. from 7 days prior to anthesis to 28 days after anthesis, the three leaf blades together reduced 280, 608 and 1397 NO-3μmol under N0, N30 and N120, respectively.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb04084.x

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5

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Nitrogen Metabolism of the Upper Three Leaf Blades of Wheat at Different Soil Nitrogen Levels (1978)

NAIR, T. V. R. ; GROVER, H. L. ; ABROL, Y. P.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 42 (1978), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Upper three leaf blades on the mainshoot of wheat cultivar, cv. Pusa Lerma, grown under three soil nitrogen levels (0, 30 and 120 kg ha-1), were examined for changes in total reduced nitrogen and protease activity at pH 4.0 and 7.0. No net loss of reduced nitrogen takes place prior to and around anthesis. The protease activity is low during this period. At later stages there is rise in the loss of nitrogen which is paralleled by enhancement in protease activity. From amongst the leaf blades, nitrogen concentration is significantly high in the flag and penultimate as compared to the values in the third leaf blade. There were significant differences in protease activity (pH 4.0) amongst the leaf blades. At pH 7.0, however, the differences between the flag and penultimate leaf blades were not significant. Highest enzyme activity was in the flag followed by penultimate and then third leaf blade. Soil N application significantly enhanced the nitrogen content of all the leaf blades. At pH 4.0, the protease activity (g fr. wt.-1) increased significantly due to soil N application (N30 over N0). There was, however, decline in the enzyme activity at pH 7.0, though the differences at different soil N levels were not significant. Analysis in terms of μmol N (reduced form) accumulated in the grains (ear)-1 revealed that two-thirds of N is translocated by 28-day stage and the rest between 28-day and final harvest. The three leaf blades together contributed 22.7, 32.6 and 48.5% of the grain N (ear)-1 at N0, N30 and N120- respectively. Most of the nitrogen applied to the soil is reduced by these leaf blades.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb04085.x

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