ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

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Thickness determination of oxide films on iron by electron back-scattering Mössbauer spectroscopy (1978)

Graham, M. J. ; Mitchell, D. F. ; Channing, D. A.

Springer

Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 247-256

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ISSN: 1573-4889

Keywords: oxidation ; iron ; magnetite ; oxide thickness ; electron back-scattering Mössbauer spectroscopy

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract Magnetite films in the range 265–4520 Å have been grown on natural iron substrates and subsequently investigated by electron back-scattering Mössbauer spectroscopy. In particular, the percentage, P, of the total spectrum area contributed by the oxide has been determined as a function of oxide thickness, d. It was found that d up to ≈ 3000Å may be expressed (to an accuracy of ∼ 5%) by d (Å)=−1.95 × 103 ln (1–0.01 P). The experimental data have been compared with the theoretical predictions of both Huffman and Bainbridge. Good agreement between experiment and Huffman's predictions of P is obtained using values of the electron attenuation coefficient, μ, of 1.10 × 104 cm2 g−1 for the 7.3 keV electrons and 1.73 × 104 cm2 g−1 for the 5.4 keV electrons. A good fit of our data to Bainbridge's expression requires a somewhat lower effective μ, value of 0.8 × 104 cm2 g−1. The experimental P value for the thickest oxide (4520 Å) is lower than the theoretical predictions, probably as a result of a neglected mechanism recently identified by Tricker, Ash, and Cranshaw.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616099

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2

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The feeding characteristics and development of larvae of a salvinia weevil Cyrtobagous sp. (1983)

Sands, D. P. A. ; Schotz, M. ; Bourne, A. S.

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 291-296

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Cyrtobagous ; Salvinia weevil ; Feeding characteristics of larvae ; Development of larvae ; Plant nutrition ; Temperature effects on development

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Après leur naissance, les larves de Cyrtobagous sp. passent de 1 à 4 jours à brouter les racines, et de 0 à 9 jours dans les bourgeons de la plante hôte, Salvinia molesta, avant d'y creuser une galerie dans le rhizome. Bien que les larves aient été capables de survivre jusqu'à 38 jours en broutant les racines, quant elles furent privées de rhizome, elle ne purent achever leur développement. Quand les galeries furent commencées, le développement larvaire, entre 21° et 31°, dépendit de la température et de la teneur en azote de l'hôte. Les larves ne se développèrent pas à 17°. Une haute valeur nutritive de l'aliment consommé par les larves réduisit la durée du développement, mais n'influença pas la durée ultérieure de leur développement nymphal. Les lieux de prise de nourriture et les dégâts produits par des larves isolées furent précisés.

Notes: Abstract Newly-emerged larvae of a salvinia weevil, Cyrtobagous sp. spent from 1–4 days browsing on the roots and from 0–9 days in the buds of the host plant, Salvinia molesta, prior to tunnelling into the rhizome of this aquatic weed. Although larvae were able to survive up to 38 days browsing on roots when rhizomes were withheld, they were unable to complete development. After tunnelling began, larval development between 21° and 31° was dependent on temperature and nitrogen levels in the host. Larvae failed to develop at 17°. High nutritional intake by the larvae reduced larval development time but did not influence duration of their subsequent pupal development. The feeding sites and plant damage produced by individual larvae were assessed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186928

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3

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Responses of Prostephanus truncatus to components of the aggregation pheromone of Rhyzopertha dominica in the laboratory and field (1983)

Hodges, R. J. ; Hall, D. R. ; Golob, P. ; [et al.]

Springer

Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 34 (1983), S. 266-272

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ISSN: 1570-7458

Keywords: Storage pests ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; Prostephanus truncatus ; (±)-1-methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; (±)-1-methyl-butyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate ; Dominicalure ; Aggregation pheromone ; Monitoring

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les réponses de Prostephanus truncatus Horn (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) à deux constituants de la phéromone d'agrégation de Rhyzopertha dominica Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), le (±)-1-méthylbutyl (E)-2-méthyl-2-penténoate et le (±)-1-méthylbutyl (E)-2,4-diméthyl-2-pentéoate, connus comme “Dominicalure 1” et “Dominicalure 2”, ont été étudiées au laboratoire et au champ. Auslaboratoire ces composés ont été essayés individuellement et en mélange 1:2. Une membrane de caoutchouc imprégnée de phéromone a été utilisée comme émetteur lent, et une courbe de réponse en fonction de la dose a été établie. P. truncatus répondait plus vigoureusement à la Dominicalure 2 seule. Tous ces traitements ont été comparés dans un essai aux champs en Tanzanie, dans lesquels des pièges en carton ondulé contenant des diffuseurs de phéromone étaient placés dans des entrepôts de maïs dans les fermes. La Dominicalure 1 et le mélange de 1 et 2 étaient tous deux efficaces pour piéger R. dominica. La Dominicalure 2 a piégé plus de P. truncatus que les autres traitements et était à peu près aussi efficace que le contrôle visuel pour détecter la présence de cet insecte dans les stocks. On peut envisager que la Dominicalure 2 pourrait servir de base à un programme pour lutter contre P. truncatus en Afrique de l'Est.

Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field studies have been made of the responses of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) to two components of the aggregation pheromone of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) — (±)-1-methylbutyl (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoate and (±)-1-methylbutyl (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoate, known as “Dominicalure 1” and “Dominicalure 2” respectively. In the laboratory, these compounds were tested individually and as a 1:2 mixture; P. truncatus responded most strongly to Dominicalure 2 alone. All three treatments were compared in a field trial in Tanzania to monitor both R. dominica and P. truncatus in farm stores. Dominicalure 1 or a mixture of 1 and 2 were both highly effective for trapping R. dominica. In contrast, Dominicalure 2 trapped more P. truncatus than the other treatments and was about as effective as visual inspection at demonstrating the presence of the beetle in stores. Dominicalure 2 could form the basis of a monitoring programme for P. truncatus in East Africa.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186923

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4

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Light requirement, phytochrome and photoperiodic induction of flowering of Pharbitis nil Chois (1978)

King, R. W. ; Vince-Prue, D.

Springer

Planta 141 (1978), S. 1-7

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Flowering ; Pharbitis ; Photomorphogenesis ; Photoperiodic induction ; Phytochrome

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract For dark-grown seedlings of Pharbitis nil capacity to flower in response to a single inductive dark period was established by 24 h white, far-red (FR) or ruby-red (BCJ) light and by a skeleton photoperiod of 10 min red (R)-24 h dark-10 min R. FR alone was ineffective without a brief terminal (R) irradiation, confirming that the form of phytochrome immediately prior to darkness is a crucial factor for flowering in Pharbitis. The magnitude of the flowering response was significantly greater after 24 h FR or white light (WL) (at 18° C and 27° C) than after two brief skeleton R irradiations, but the increased flowering response was not attributable to photosynthetic CO2 uptake because this could not be detected in seedlings exposed to 24 h WL at 18° C. Photophosphorylation could have contributed to the increased flowering response as photosystem I fluorescence was detectable in plants exposed to FR, BCJ, or WL, but there were large differences between flowering response and photosystem I capacity as indicated by fluorescence. We conclude that phytochrome plays a major role in photoresponses regulating flowering. There was no simple correlation between developmental changes, such as cotyledon expansion and chlorophyll formation during the 24-h irradiation period, and the capacity to flower in response to a following inductive dark period. Changes in plastid ultrastructure were considerable in light from fluorescent lamps and there was complete breakdown of the prolamellar body with or without lamellar stacking at 27 or 18° C, respectively, but plastid reorganization was minimal in FR-irradiated seedlings.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387736

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5

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Light requirement, phytochrome and photoperiodic induction of flowering of Pharbits nil Chois (1978)

Vince-Prue, D. ; King, R. W. ; Quail, P. H.

Springer

Planta 141 (1978), S. 9-14

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Flowering ; Pharbitis ; Photoperiodic induction ; Phytochrome ; Spectrophotometry (phytochrome)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The low chlorophyll content of cotyledons of Pharbitis nil grown for 24 h in far-red light (FR) or at 18° C in white light from fluorescent lamps (WL) allows spectrophotometric measurement of phytochrome in these tissues. The Δ(ΔA) measurements utilize measuring beams at 730/802 nm and an actinic irradiation in excess of 90 s. The constancy of the relationship between phytochrome content and sample thickness confirms that, under these conditions of measurement, a true maximum phytochrome signal was obtained. These techniques have been used to follow changes in the form and amount of phytochrome during an inductive dark period for flowering. Following exposure to 24h WL at 18° C with a terminal 10 min red (R), Pfr was lost rapidly in darkness and approached zero in less than 1 h; during this period there was no change in the total phytochrome signal. Following exposure to 24 h FR with a terminal 10 min R, Pfr approached zero in 3 h, and the total phytochrome signal decreased by about half. The relevance of these changes to photoperiodic time measurement is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387737

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6

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Light requirement, phytochrome and photoperiodic induction of flowering of Pharbitis nil Chois (1978)

King, R. W. ; Vince-Prue, D. ; Quail, P. H.

Springer

Planta 141 (1978), S. 15-22

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Flowering ; Pharbitis ; Photoperiodic induction ; Phytochrome ; Spectrophotometry (phytochrome)

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract During an inductive dark period for flowering, changes in phytochrome have been followed in cotyledons of Pharbitis nil seedlings using a spectrophotometric and a physiological technique. There was agreement between the two techniques, both indicating a rapid lowering of the levels of the far-red-absorbing form of the pigment (Pfr) during the first 30–90 min of darkness. Thus, Pfr could provide the cue which signals the beginning of darkness and the length of the critical dark period was, in some instances, correlated with the time of Pfr disappearance. However, there was no correlation with another indicator of photoperiodic time measurement, the time in darkness at which a brief night interruption becomes inhibitory to flowering. These results imply that the transition from light to darkness is not signalled by the disappearance of Pfr. However, the involvement of other photoreceptors seems unlikely. Thus, some mode of phytochrome action other than a simple Pfr-mediated response may be involved in the light/dark-sensing reactions of photoperiodism

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387738

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7

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The oxidation behavior of CoCrAI systems containing active element additions (1978)

Allam, I. M. ; Whittle, D. P. ; Stringer, J.

Springer

Oxidation of metals 12 (1978), S. 35-66

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ISSN: 1573-4889

Keywords: CoCrAl ; oxidation ; oxide scale adherence ; rare-earth effect ; hafnium ; yttrium

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Abstract The effect of small amounts of yttrium (up to 1 wt. %) and hafnium (up to 1.5 wt.%) on the oxidation behavior of Co-Cr-Al alloys in the temperature range 1000–1200°C for times up to 1000 hr in air has been studied. The major portion of the study has been concerned with Co-10Cr-11Al base alloys. Both isothermal and cyclic tests have been carried out; the cycle used consisted of 20 hr at temperature, followed by cooling to room temperature. Both additions reduce the overall oxidation, Hf somewhat more so than Y. In part, this is due to the improved adhesion between scale and alloy reducing scale spallation at temperature, and in part due to possible modification of the Al2O3 grain size. The former factor is far more critical under thermal cycling conditions. Under isothermal conditions the oxidation rate increases with increasing Hf content with all but the 1.5 wt.% alloy oxidizing more slowly than the Hf-free alloy; increase in Y content has the reverse effect. Under thermal cycling conditions the 0.3 and 1.0 wt.% Hf alloys show the lowest overall weight gain. Metallographic evidence suggests that the improved scale adhesion is due principally to a pegging mechanism; the active elements promote the growth of intrusions of Al2O3 into the alloy. However, if the intrusions are too large, they can act as initiators of scale failure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609974

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8

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Sensitivity of antennae of male and femaleIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to their natural aggregation pheromone and its enantiomeric components (1983)

Light, D. M.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 561-584

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetle ; Ips paraconfusus ; aggregation pheromone ; enantiomer ; electrophysiology ; electroantennogram ; interruption ; allomone

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Antennae of male and femaleIps paraconfusus were equally and highly sensitive to their male-produced, multicomponent aggregation pheromone. Female and male antennae were highly sensitive to the pheromonal component, (S)-(−)-ipsenol, but essentially insensitive to its antipode, (R)-(+)-ipsenol. Further, female and male antennae were more sensitive to the pheromonal component, (S)-cis-verbenol, than to its antipode, (R)-cis-verbenol. Dramatic sexual dimorphism in chiral sensitivity to the ipsdienol enantiortiers was found, with female antennae being more sensitive to the conspecific pheromonal enantiomer, (S)-(+)-ipsdienol, and male antennae being more sensitive to the antipode, (R)-(−)-ipsdienol. Since (R)-(−)-ipsdienol is the principal pheromone of CaliforniaIps pini and interruptsI. paraconfusus aggregation, male antennae appear to be more sensitive to an interspecific allomone than a conspecific pheromone. Of the conspecific pheromonal enantiomers, both male and female antennae were most sensitive to (S)-(+)-ipsdienol, intermediately sensitive to (S)-(−)-ipsenol, and least sensitive to (S)-cis-verbenol. However, when enantiomeric sensitivities were compared to the estimated concentrations of these components in the natural pheromone, (S)-(~)-ipsenol tended to equal or approach the potency of (S)-(+)-ipsdienol as an antennal stimulant, while antennal responsiveness to (S)-cis-verbenol was dramatically less than for the other two pheromonal components. The behavioral implications of such physiological sensitivities are discussed in regard to perception of multicomponent synergistic pheromones and the relative efficacy of each component as an orientation cue.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990410

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9

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Sensitivity of antennae of male and femaleIps paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to its pheromone and other behavior-modifying chemicals (1983)

Light, D. M.

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 585-606

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scolytidae ; bark beetle ; Ips paraconfusus ; pheromone ; enantiomer ; electrophysiology ; electroantennogram ; interruption ; allomone

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract The antennal sensitivities of both male and femaleIps paraconfusus were found generally to be greatest for conspecific aggregation pheromones (ipsdienol, ipsenol); intermediate for an additional conspecific pheromone (cis-verbenol), an aggregation synergist (2-phenylethanol), and pheromones/allomones of sympatric species (trans-verbenol, verbenone, and frontalin); and lowest for both host terpenes (alpha-pinene and myrcene) and other bark beetle-produced odorants (exo-brevicomin and linalool). Of the enantiomeric compounds tested, antennae of both sexes did not differ in sensitivity between thetrans-verbenol enantiomers at low dosage levels; but at higher dosages, the conspecific-produced enantiomer, (1R,4S,5R)-(+)-trans-verbenol, elicited larger mean EAG responses than its antipode, (1S,4R, 5S)-(−)-trans-verbenol. At the mid-dosage range, female antennae tended to be slightly more responsive to (S)-(−)-verbenone than to (R)-(+)-verbenone, while male antennae were equally responsive to stimulations by either verbenone enantiomer. In field bioassays there was a large and significant reduction in trap catches ofI. paraconfusus on traps where the (S)-(−)- or (R)-(+)-enantiomers of verbenone were evaporated beside logs containing boring conspecific males. Only when the (S)-(−)-enantiomer of verbenone was evaporated beside logs containing boring males did the sex ratio ofI. paraconfusus trapped shift from female-dominated to male-dominated attraction. Thus both physiological and behavioral data suggest a differential chiral sensitivity of female beetles for the verbenone enantiomers. The relative sensitivities between different chiral compounds derived from one or the other of the common precursoral host terpenes, (S)-(−)- and (R)-(+)alpha-pinene or myrcene, are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990411

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10

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Isolation and identification of two macrolide pheromones from the frass ofCryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) (1983)

Wong, J. W. ; Verigin, V. ; Oehlschlager, A. C. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of chemical ecology 9 (1983), S. 451-474

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ISSN: 1573-1561

Keywords: Cryptolestes ferrugineus ; rusty grain beetle ; aggregation ; pheromone ; macrolide ; (E,E)-4,8-dimethyl-4,8-decadien-10-olide ; (3Z,11S)-3-dodecen-11-olide ; (Z,Z)-3,6-dodecadien-11-olide ; (Z)-5-tetradecen-13-olide ; 11-dodecanolide ; 4-nonanolide ; Coleoptera ; Cucujidae

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Two synergistic macrolide aggregation pheromones were isolated from Porapak Q-trapped volatiles obtained from the frass ofCryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). These compounds were identified as (E,E)-4,8-dimethyl-4,8-decadien-10-olide (I) and (3Z,11S)-3-dodecen-11-olide (II) and given the trivial names ferrulactone I and II, respectively. Analysis of captured volatiles from separated male and female adults disclosed that the pheromones are male-produced. Additional macrolides were identified in frass volatiles, but were devoid of any pheromonal activity. The structures of I and II were confirmed by comparison with synthetic materials.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990219

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