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  • Articles  (10)
  • Chemical Engineering  (10)
  • 1975-1979  (10)
  • 1977  (10)
  • Physics  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fluid mechanics of impingement mixing was investigated experimentally, and the design procedure, including scale-up, for the MIT Liquid Injection Molding System was established. For impingement mixing to be effective, the Reynolds number based on the nozzle diameter must be greater than about 50 and the momentum ratio of the fluid components must he equal to 1 in addition to satisfying the desired mass flow rate ratio.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pulp mill wood residue was tested for its suitability as a filler for polyolefins. Samples of wood residue (residue from screened chips) were obtained from three southern kraft pulp mills. Screen analysis of the residues indicated that from 2 to 10 percent, by weight, passes a 48 mesh screen. The aspect, or length to diameter, ratio of the wood residue varied from 3 to over 19, compared to 2.5 for commercial wood flour. While the ash content of the residue was high, its lower cost and higher aspect ratio compared to wood floor indicated potential as a polymer filler. Composites of polyethylene and polystyrene with the wood residue were extruded and then injectionmolded into tensile bars. The results indicate little difference in extrusion torque, tensile modulus, or drop-ball impact strength between composites containing wood residue and wood flour.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 433-433 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 456-461 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The shear strength of bonds between isotactic polypropylene and cellophane, formed under standard conditions, has beer studied as a function of cooling rates, following bond formation, and after ageing at temperatures up to 90°C. Rapid cooling produced cohesively failing bonds with shear strengths above 20 kg/em2. Weak, adhesively failing joints were produced under slow-cooling conditions. Strong bonds deteriorated when joints were aged at temperatures above 50°C, but further improvement in bond strength was observed upon ageing at lower temperatures. Experimental observations were consistent with the development of smectic structure in the polypropylene upon rapid cooling; a tendency for transcrystallization in slow-cooled joints was offset by the presence of weak boundary layers in the interface. Ageing produced further development of weak boundary layers and a transition from smectic to monoclinic crystallization in polypropylene. At higher ageing temperatures, the former effect seemed dominant; at lower temperatures, the structural change was assumed responsible for the observed improvement in bond strength.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 758-763 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the processing of thermoplastics, the economy of the process and the quality of moldings are decisively influenced by material thermal properties. Therefore, it is particularly important for the processor to know and consider such properties. Process analyses have revealed that the processing conditions can be set to achieve optimum results by the application of pressure-volume-temperature diagrams, particularly if used in conjunction with computer control of the process. A new measuring instrument is described which makes it possible to determine such diagrams under normal processing conditions, that is, at normal cooling rates and pressures. The results contrast with values heretofore quoted in the literature, where values have been measured at very slow heating and cooling rates. Some experimental results and their practical use are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 356-358 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have studied the effect of unsaturated-polyester and epoxy hosts on the volume phase holographic recording properties of media using camphorquinone and 2, 3-pentanedione as guests. The sensitivity, determined by holographic diffraction efficiency on exposure to an Ar+ laser, was used as a probe for the chemical behavior of the medium. Intramolecular, photochemical reactions involving 2, 3-pentanedione in the epoxy hosts are less effective than in the polyesters. For inter-molecular reactions initiated by photoexcited camphorquinone, media having polyester hosts are again more sensitive. The availability in unsaturated-polyester hosts of residual monomer for free-radical addition reactions is a determining factor in the recording mechanism.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 381-384 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relative advantages and disadvantages of three different algorithms are compared for simulating the time evolution of two-dimensional line-edge profiles produced by a locally rate dependent surface etching phenomenon. Simulated profiles typical of optical projection printing and electron-beam and X-ray lithography of micron-sized lines in resist and etching of ion-implanted SiO2 are used as a basis of comparison. One of the algorithms is a cell-by-cell removal model used earlier by Neureuther and Dill. One of the newly developed algorithms employs ray tracing; it can be shown that the path followed by a point on a front between the developed and undeveloped regions can be calculated using ray-optic equations. The other new algorithm uses a string of points initially on the surface of the exposed resist. The points on the string advance perpendicular to the local direction of the string; with time the string of points moves down into the resist, replicating the action of a developer. We compare the computing cost, convenience, and accuracy of the algorithms.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 788-792 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic shear properties of a natural rubber and several commercial synthetic polyisoprenes were measured in a Rheometrics mechanical spectrometer. The dynamic viscosity vs angular velocity curve was fitted to the three-constant Car, reau model. The rheological parameters were correlated with molecular characteristics such as gel content and weight average molecular weight. The viscosity measurements at high shear rate were obtained from capillary rheometry. The viscosity vs shear rate curve at the low shear rate end was found to be superimposible on the plot of dynamic shear viscosity vs twice the angular velocity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 751-757 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Experiments were carried out to study the effects of cutting speed, feed, depth-of-cut and tool-nose-radius on the cutting force and surface roughness produced during turning of the thermoplastics Nylon-6 and Teflon. Generalized equations for the cutting force and surface roughness in terms of processing factors have been established using the statistical technique of multiple regression analysis. The equations have been tested for acceptability by the F-test and the degree of significance of various factors has been assessed by the t-test.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 116-121 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A unique liquid injection molding machine for polyurethane was designed and built to process a large quantity of polyurethane in a short period of time. This machine has a continuously variable flow rate. Using inexpensive, low capacity gear pumps, 5 gallon hydraulic accumulators were charged with fluid components. The fluid can be pumped into the accumulators at low pressure followed by nitrogen gas addition to the bladders to raise the fluid pressure, or the charging pumps can pump up the accumulators against an existing pressure. The two components were then discharged under pressure through linkage activated ball valves and mixed together in a mixing chamber. The system provided for a very low pressure loss during discharge, resulting in high fluid velocity. Extremely high flow rates were possible: approximately 1440 lb/min at 2500 psi, a pressure less than the maximum possible system pressure. This system delivers large flow rates of high quality urethane while still maintaining its simplicity, light weight, and relative low cost.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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