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  • Chemical Engineering  (35)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1975-1979  (69)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1977  (69)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanics of the syrinx in Gallus gallus. II. Electromyographic studies of Ad Libitum vocalizations (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 152 (1977), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Records of electrical activity in the tracheal muscles of domestic chickens were obtained for a variety of ad libitum vocalizations. Primary attention was given to an analysis of events during the most complex call, crowing.Three pairs of muscles, Mm. tracheohyoideus, tracheolateralis, and sternotrachealis, can affect the configuration of a chicken's syrinx. The firing patterns of the three muscle pairs are related to their different abilities to affect the tension of the syringeal membranes. The influence of M. tracheohyoideus is most indirect and imprecise, and its role the least clearly defined. It appears to adjust the position of the trachea so that the syrinx is isolated from unpredictable and/or undesirable consequences of nuchal position and tracheal elasticity, and also helps draw the glottis caudad, thereby deepening the pharyngeal chamber. The other two muscles interact to control the tension of the vocal membranes. M. sternotrachealis relaxes the membranes by drawing the drum of the trachea caudad, or, via the syringeal ligament, by rotating the pessulus cranioventrad, or both. M. tracheolateralis tenses the membranes and/or prevents caudal movement of the origin of M. sternotrachealis, a necessity if the syringeal ligament is to rotate the pessulus.Vocalization depends on both syringeal configuration and appropriate air flow. Hence, tracheal muscles, syrinx, air sacs, and ventilatory muscles cooperate to form a vocal system. Cooperation elicits a surprising degree of redundancy. At least one call, a high pitched wail, may be produced by two very different techniques.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051520102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass bead-filled polypropylene part I: Rheological and mechanical propertiesPresented in part at the 34th ANTEC Soc. Plastics Eng., April 26-29, 1976, Atlantic City, N. J. (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 657-665 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Five glass bead-filled polypropylene composites were rheologically characterized at 240°C using two rotational rheometers to obtain low shear-rate data and a capillary rheometer to obtain high shear-rate data. Both steady and dynamic properties were measured at low shear rates. Each composite was also injection molded into tensile and flexural test bars for a mechanical properties profile at 25°C. The tensile modulus was determined from a simple extensional deformation whereas the flexural modulus was determined from a three-point-bend test.The relative shear viscosity and relative loss modulus are different nonlinear functions of the volume fraction of beads at a constant shear rate, while the relative storage modulus appears to be a linear function of bead fraction. The relative viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate and the zero shear-rate data are in very good agreement with the Guth-Gold equation.The relative tensile modulus and relative flexural modulus are each linear functions of bead fraction over the entire range of filler concentration, 0-29 vol percent. From these data it is concluded that a simple correspondence between slow viscous flow and small strain elasticity does not exist for these composites.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170902
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some comments on post extrusion swelling phenomena: Die entrance or die passage (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 724-727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanistic origins of the post extrusion swelling phenomenon have been the subject of considerable debate. Conflicting theories have postulated that it is caused either by (1) deformations at the die entrance which are recovered upon die exit as a consequence of viscoelastic memory or (2) elastic enorgy, which is stored during capillary flow by the action of normal stress, and subsequently released upon die exit or by both (1) and (2). We have described these situations by mathematical models and show that the resulting equations are similar despite different origins. The difficulties in interpreting the results mechanistically are discussed. Empirically, the results can be described as being exponential in capillary residence irrespective of cause.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760171005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface modification of polymers and practical adhesion (1977)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 440-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The, nature of polymer surfaces has received increasing attention as the use of these materials, in a variety of forms, increases yearly. Modifications of polymer surfaces for adhesion, friction, and diffusion oriented appiications have necessitated a careful analysis of the surfade region morphology (surface physics) and chemical properties of the surface layer (surface chemistry). The behavior of composite structures has involved the discipline of classical fracture mechanics. The orientation of polymeric species or additives which migrate to the interface may modify the wetting characteristics and, most certainly, the frictional properties in addition to the diffusion of penetrant species beyond the boundary layer. The above topics are discussed within the framework of recent analytical and theoretical developments in surface science. The findings of these recent studies have facilitated many exciting technological advances.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760170705
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colloidal iron hydroxide-binding to the surfaces of chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by wild-type and a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 91 (1977), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The densities of colloidal iron hydroxide (CIH) particles binding to the surfaces of chick embryo fibroblasts were determined before and after transformation with wild type Rous sarcoma virus and a temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of this virus. On the basis of in vitro behavior, cells transformed by the ts virus manifest a malignant phenotype at 36°C (permissive temperature) and appear normal at 41°C (non-permissive temperature). At the permissive temperatures there is a significant increase in CIH particle-binding to spaces of cell surface between microvilli on the wild type and ts transformed cells. At the non-permissive temperature this significant increase in binding is only observed on the wild type transformant, while the density found on the ts transformant is not significantly different from the untransformed state. Therefore, in vitro characteristics of normalcy and malignancy are reflected in changes in the CIH binding properties of the cell surface spaces between microvilli.The CIH densities observed on the microvilli are significantly different from the density on the spaces between them for each of the classes of cells studied at either temperature. The microvilli are found to bind a lower density of particles in five of the six cases. No correlations between microvilli particle density and transformation to in vitro malignant characteristics were observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040910302
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coelomocytes of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris: morphology and phagocytic properties (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 467-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The coelomocytes of Lumbricus terrestris have been classified and described, based on Wright's stained preparations and on living cells. The five major categories consist of basophils, acidophils, neutrophils, granulocytes and chloragogen cells. Both the acidophil and chloragogen cell groups contain two subgroups. Granulocytes also exhibit heterogeneity with respect to staining properties of granules. Some possess acidophilic granules, some basophilic granules, and others contain both types. Granules of acidophils have been observed to be occasionally excreted from the cells. All cell types, with the exception of chloragogen cells, produce pseudopodia and are capable of phagocytosis, a vital component of the earthworm's immune response.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530310
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A scanning electron microscopic study of differentiation of the digital pad in regenerating digits of the kenyan reed frog, Hyperolius viridiflavus ferniqueiContribution number 78 from the Amphibian Facility.Supported in part by a grant from the Muscular Dystrophy Associations, Inc. and NIH Grants HD08150 and RR 0572 (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 387-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Newly metamorphosed Kenyan reed frogs, Hyperolius viridiflavus ferniquei, are able to regenerate amputated digits. The terminal digital pad is also completely reformed. Differentiation of the regenerating digital pad was studied by scanning electron microscopy. External differentiation of the digital pad began late in the second postamputational week with the appearance of small patches of specialized epidermal cells on the ventral surface of the regenerating digit. The differentiation of the pad spread out radially until late in the fourth week, when its overall shape approximated that of the normal digital pad. The appearance of patches of digital pad epidermis on the ends of spike regenerates arising from the forearm was also confirmed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530305
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryogenesis of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). II. Developmental rates of male and female embryosResearch supported by C.A.L.S., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and in part by Research Grant RR-00779 from Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, and funds from Schoenleber Foundation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 152 (1977), S. 221-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The developmental rates of male and female embryos of Xyleborus ferrugineus were compared by charting for each sex the mean age for each of ten discrete morphological stages of embryogenesis from pole cell exclusion to eclosion. Male and female embryos developed synchronously from stage 1 (which begins with pole cell exclusion) through stage 4 (which ends with the completion of germ band extension and metamerization). After stage 4 and throughout the remainder of embryogenesis, the mean ages per morphological stage of male embryos were significantly greater than those for female embryos. The expected physiological consequences of a haploid genome in the male embryo as compared to a diploid condition in the female embryo are discussed as the possible basis for the persistent lag observed in male developmental rate after stage 4.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051520206
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryogenesis of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). I. External morphogenesis of male and female embryosResearch supported by C.A.L.S., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; and in part by Research Grant RR-00779 from Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, and funds from Schoenleber Foundation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 152 (1977), S. 177-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A description of the external morphogenesis of male and female embryos of X. ferrugineus, derived from in vivo observation, is presented here. The embryogenesis of this beetle is typical of the Coleoptera, and is also similar in most respects to the generalized insect plan. Observed unusual aspects of X ferrugineus embryogenesis include the precocious formation of primordial g/rm cells and their temporary exclusion from the somatic blastoderm, the precocious in situ delineation of gnathal metameres, the closing of the gastral groove beginning at both ends and proceeding toward its middle, the formation of several paired lateral amnio-serosal folds, the formation of cellular processes between the amnion and serosa, and the absorption of the thoracic limbs to produce an apodous larva. The embryonic developmental picture provided here, and the previously established means of rearing X ferrugineus in controlled laboratory culture jointly provide a promising basis for the further use of this insect in developmental studies.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051520205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and organization of radial spokes in cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 143-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure and organization of radial spokes, the principal components between each of the peripheral doublet microtubules and the central sheath which surrounds the central pair of microtubules have been described in Tetrahymena pyriformis Cilia. The radial spokes are grouped in triplets and are attached to the A-microtubule of each peripheral doublet at intervals of 200/280/360 Å, the 200 Å spacing being most distal to the base of the cilium. The radial spoke triplets are organized in the axoneme in a double helix with a pitch of 1,680 Å. A method for determining the helical disposition by correcting for doublet sliding is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530110
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