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  • 1
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    NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-18
    Description: The contribution of the Goddard Space Flight Center to the National Geodetic Satellite Program is reported. All of the major types of tracking systems, including those employing optical, electronic, range-and-range-rate, and laser technologies, which were developed and operated by Goddard, are described. The MINITRACK data were used to derive geodetic results. The methods used for the analysis of these data are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Natl. Geodetic Satellite Program, Pt. 1 (SEE N78-11545 02-46)
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Improvement in the geopotential derived from satellite and surface data /Gem 7 and 8/ (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A refinement has been obtained in the earth's gravitational field by using satellite and surface data. In addition to a more complete treatment of data previously employed on 27 satellites, the new satellite solution Gem 7 (Goddard Earth Model 7) includes 64,000 laser measurements taken on seven satellites. Gem 7, containing 400 harmonic terms, is complete through degree and order 16. The companion solution Gem 8 combines the same satellite data as Gem 7 with surface gravimetry over 39% of the earth. Gem 8 is complete to degree and order 25. Extensive tests on data independent of the solution show that the undulations of the geoidal surface computed by Gem 7 have an accuracy of about 2.5 m (rms). The overall accuracy of the geoid calculated by Gem 8 is estimated to be about 4 m (rms). The new combination solution is the first to show signs of 'convection rolls' in the upper mantle below the Pacific Ocean.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Feb. 10
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  • 3
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    Global exospheric temperatures and densities under active solar conditions (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Temperatures measured by the OGO-6 satellite using the 6300 A airglow spectrum are compared with temperatures derived from total densities and N2 densities. It is shown that while the variation of the total densities with latitude and magnetic activity agree well with values used for CIRA (1972), the temperature behavior is very different. While the temperatures derived from the N2 density were in much better agreement there were several important differences which radically affect the pressure gradients. The variation of temperature with magnetic activity showed seasonal and local time variations. Neutral temperature, density, pressure and boundary oxygen variations for the storm of 8 March 1970 are presented.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science; 25; Jan. 197
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  • 4
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    The large-scale ionospheric electric field - Its variation with magnetic activity and relation to terrestrial kilometric radiation (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Four days of simultaneous auroral zone electric field measurements on balloons flown from six sites spanning 180 deg of magnetic longitude have been analyzed. The average electric field behavior during this magnetically quiet epoch is consistent with earlier single-point measurements, although the average auroral zone electric field was more affected by corotation effects than it was during more disturbed times. When these data, which primarily reflect the large-scale (several hundred kilometer) ionospheric electric field, are mapped to the equator, a steady dawn to dusk component is apparent only on the average, while instantaneously the field is quite variable. The ionospheric electric field during isolated substorms is shown to have differing signatures east and west of 2200 LT. A worldwide positive correlation is shown to exist between the auroral zone electric field strength and the intensity of terrestrial kilometric radiation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; July 1
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  • 5
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    Atomic chlorine and the chlorine monoxide radical in the stratosphere - Three in situ observations (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three simultaneous observations of atomic chlorine (Cl) and the clorine monoxide radical (ClO) are reported which encompass the altitude interval between 25 and 45 kilometers. Together, Cl and ClO form a gas-phase catalytic cycle potentially capable of depleting stratospheric ozone. Observed Cl and ClO densities, although variable, imply that chlorine compounds constitute an important part of the stratospheric ozone budget. The results are compared with recent models of stratospheric photochemistry which have been used as a basis for predicting ozone depletion resulting from fluorocarbon release.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science; 198; Nov. 4
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  • 6
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    Incoherent scatter radar observations during August 4-7, 1972 (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: E- and lower F-region data obtained by the incoherent scatter radar of Chatanika, Alaska were used to analyze the height-integrated Hall and Pedersen conductivities, electric fields, ionospheric currents, electron densities, and rate of heating of the neutral atmosphere by particle precipitation and by electric current dissipation during the period of intense solar flares, August 4-7, 1972. Although the magnetosphere was unusually disturbed magnetically, the radar data were in general not particularly larger than those seen during more quiet periods. Chatanika seemed to be in the auroral oval during nearly the whole of the time period studied, implying a greatly expanded size of the oval.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Radio Science; 12; Mar
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  • 7
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    National geodetic satellite program, part 1 (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The major accomplishments of the GEOS-B, C-band systems project is assessed. The project objectives are given, namely: (1) primary objectives that must be met for project success; (2) secondary objectives that were sufficiently important to warrant serious consideration; and (3) other objectives that were important to the project and for which additional effort would be desirable. The primary objectives are presented and discussed in detail.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Natl. Geodetic Satellite Program, Pt. 1; p 487-524
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  • 8
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    A global thermospheric model based on mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data MSIS. I - N2 density and temperature (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Measurements of neutral nitrogen density from mass spectrometers on five satellites (AE-B, Ogo 6, San Marco 3, Aeros A, and AE-C) and neutral temperatures inferred from incoherent scatter measurements at four ground stations are combined to produce a model of thermospheric neutral temperatures and nitrogen densities similar to the Ogo 6 empirical model (Hedin et al., 1974). This global model is designated MSIS (mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter). The global average temperature, the annual temperature variation, lower bound density, and lower bound temperature are discussed. The data set covers the time period from the end of 1965 to mid-1975 and also a wide range of solar activities. Diurnal and semidiurnal variations in lower bound density and temperature are considered, as is magnetic activity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; June 1
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  • 9
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    Variational electric fields at low latitudes and their relation to spread-F and plasma irregularities (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: In situ measurements of variational electric fields at low latitudes, taken by OGO 6 satellite instruments, are analyzed. The observations are compared with other data on F region and spread-F structures. Conformity of the electric field fluctuations with the overall picture of low-latitude irregularities is examined empirically and theoretically, and candidate processes for generation of the observed irregularities are considered. Three distinct types of irregularities are delineated and compared.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 39; Mar. 197
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  • 10
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    Laser-induced fluorescence of CN/X2 Sigma +/ produced by photolysis of C2N2 at 160 nm (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The paper reports laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the initial product state distributions of CN(X2 Sigma +) produced during the photolysis of C2N2 at a wavelength of 160 nm. The parent molecules were photodissociated by an argon flash lamp, and saturated solutions of BBD in p-dioxane were used as a laser dye to produce radiation that excited CN radicals in the (upsilon-double-prime, N-prime) vibrational-rotational sublevels of the X state to the B-state sublevels. Spectral-line identification is discussed along with the observed rotational, electronic, and vibrational energy partitionings. The effect of added buffer gas (N2 or He) on the observed product state distributions is examined in order to monitor collisional energy transfer from CN(A2 Pi, upsilon = 0) to CN(X2 Sigma +, upsilon-double-prime = 4). It is found that both buffer gases produce population inversion between the upsilon-double-prime = 4 and upsilon-double-prime = 3 levels of the X state.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Chemical Physics; 66; Mar. 1
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