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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (110)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (43)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • 1975-1979  (165)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1977  (165)
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  • 1975-1979  (165)
  • 1955-1959
Year
  • 1
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    Geochemical and mineralogical interpretation of the Viking inorganic chemical results (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The current status of geochemical, mineralogical, petrological interpretation of refined Viking Lander data is reviewed, and inferences that can be drawn from data on the composition of Martian surface materials are presented. The materials are dominantly fine silicate particles admixed with, or including, iron oxide particles. Both major element and trace element abundances in all samples are indicative of mafic source rocks (rather than more highly differentiated salic materials). The surface fines are nearly identical in composition at the two widely separated Lander sites, except for some lithologic diversity at the 100-m scale. This implies that some agency (presumably aeolian processes) has thoroughly homogenized them on a planetary scale. The most plausible model for the mineralogical constitution of the fine-grained surface materials at the two Lander sites is a fine-grained mixture dominated by iron-rich smectites, or their degradation products, with ferric oxides, probably including maghemite and carbonates (such as calcite), but not such less stable phases as magnesite or siderite.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Low-speed wind tunnel investigation of an advanced supersonic cruise arrow-wing configuration (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A preliminary assessment of possible means for improving the low speed aerodynamic characteristics of advanced supersonic cruise arrow wing configurations and to extend the existing data base of such configurations has been made. Principle configuration variables included wing-leading and trailing-edge flap deflection, fuselage nose strakes, and engine exhaust nozzle deflection. Results showed that deflecting the wing leading edge apex flaps downward provided improved longitudinal stability but resulted in reduced directional stability. The model exhibited relatively low values of directional stability over the operational angle of attack range and experienced large asymmetric yawing moments at high angles of attack. The use of nose strakes was found to be effective in increasing the directional stability and eliminating the asymmetric yawing moment.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-TM-74043
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The Voyager infrared spectroscopy and radiometry investigation (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Two interferometers covering the spectral ranges 17 to 170 microns and 1.4 to 10 microns and a radiometer covering the range 0.4 to 1.2 microns are employed in the Voyager infrared spectroscopy and radiometry investigation. The study will focus on cloud and gas composition of planets and satellites with substantial atmospheres (including isotopic ratios), haze scale height, atmospheric vertical thermal structure, local and planetary circulation, and planetary energy balance. Surface temperatures and thermal properties of satellites with tenuous atmospheres will also be assessed, and the particle size distribution and thermal characteristics of Saturn's rings will be analyzed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Space Science Reviews; 21; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    The search for organic substances and inorganic volatile compounds in the surface of Mars (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A total of four Martian samples, one surface and one subsurface sample at each of the two Viking landing sites, Chryse Planitia and Utopia Planitia, have been analyzed for organic compounds by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. In none of these experiments could organic material of Martian origin be detected at detection limits generally of the order of parts per billion and for a few substances closer to parts per million. The evolution of water and carbon dioxide, but not of other inorganic gases, was observed upon heating the sample to temperatures of up to 500 C. The absence of organic compounds seems to preclude their production on the planet at rates that exceed the rate of their destruction. It also makes it unlikely that living systems that behave in a manner similar to terrestrial biota exist, at least at the two Viking landing sites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Computation of unsteady transonic flows through rotating and stationary cascades. 2: User's guide to FORTRAN program B2DATL (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Documentation for the FORTRAN program B2DATL is provided. The program input, output, and operational procedures are described; a dictionary of the principal FORTRAN variables is provided; the function of all subroutines; is outlined and flow charts of the principal subroutines and the main program are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA-CR-2901 , ATL-TR-205-VOL-2
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    The Viking X ray fluorescence experiment - Analytical methods and early results (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Ten samples of the Martian regolith have been analyzed by the Viking lander X ray fluorescence spectrometers. Because of high-stability electronics, inclusion of calibration targets, and special data encoding within the instruments the quality of the analyses performed on Mars is closely equivalent to that attainable with the same instruments operated in the laboratory. Determination of absolute elemental concentrations requires gain drift adjustments, subtraction of background components, and use of a mathematical response model with adjustable parameters set by prelaunch measurements on selected rock standards. Bulk fines at both Viking landing sites are quite similar in composition, implying that a chemically and mineralogically homogeneous regolith covers much of the surface of the planet. Important differences between samples include a higher sulfur content in what appear to be duricrust fragments than in fines and a lower iron content in fines taken from beneath large rocks than those taken from unprotected surface material. Further extensive reduction of these data will allow more precise and more accurate analytical numbers to be determined and thus a more comprehensive understanding of elemental trends between samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Sept. 30
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Turbulent viscosity and Jupiter's tidal Q (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A recent estimate of tidal dissipation by turbulent viscosity in Jupiter's convective interior predicts that the current value of the planet's tidal Q is roughly 5 million. We point out a fundamental error in this calculation, and show that turbulent dissipation alone implies that at present Q is about 50 trillion. Our reduced estimate for the rate of tidal dissipation shows conclusively that tidal torques have produced only negligible modifications of the orbits of the Galilean satellites over the age of the solar system.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 30; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Revenge of tiny Miranda (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An investigation is conducted concerning the resonance model for the rings of Uranus proposed by Dermott and Gold (1977). Dermott and Gold had dismissed resonances involving Miranda as insignificant. The reported investigation shows, however, that the strongest resonances are all associated with Miranda. It is also found that the hypothesis that the rings are made up of librating particles is incorrect. If the ring positions are determined by resonances, the control is more subtle than previously suggested. One possibility is that the rings are the crests of nonlinear density waves in an optically thin disk of particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 269; Oct. 27
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Linear magnetization feature associated with Rima Sirsalis (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Measurements of the magnetic fields by the electron reflection method in the neighborhood of the long structural rille Rima Sirsalis show that a magnetic field with a strength of at least 100 nT (100 gammas) is present over a region of the order of 10 km in width and at least 300 km long. The center of the magnetized region closely parallels and is centered on the rille. The linear magnetization feature extends at least to latitude 8 deg S, 60 km beyond the place where the rille disappears at the edge of Oceanus Procellarum. This extension is coincident with the extrapolation of the rille based on photographs. However, the magnetization is much weaker or entirely absent at 5 deg S and has vanished at 0 deg latitude. These results suggest that the rille is indeed a structural feature and has associated with it magnetization, either in the form of intrusive magnetized rock or of a gap in an otherwise more or less uniformly magnetized layer of rock of large extent in two dimensions. Furthermore, the rille structure evidently is present for some distance beneath the lava flows of the Oceanus Procellarum basin.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 34; 1, Fe; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Instrumentation for space flight experiments (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-16
    Description: The selection of measurement systems for experiments conducted in the context of a space flight must be guided by the criteria applicable to any scientific study requiring objective measurements of physiological variables. Steps fundamental to the process of choosing the best instrumentation system are identified and the key factors in matching the operational characteristics of the instrumentation to its intended use are discussed. Special problems in obtaining data from nonhuman primates, whether restrained or unrestrained, are explored. Choices for data processing are evaluated as well as the use of prototype flight tests and simulations to assess future life science experiments for spacelab or payloads for the space shuttle biomedical scientific satellite.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: The Use of Nonhuman Primates in Space; p 225-243
    Format: text
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