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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (119)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • 1975-1979  (140)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1977  (140)
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Publisher
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  • 1975-1979  (140)
  • 1970-1974
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 28 (1977), S. 809-816 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pitting corrosion susceptibility of the heat treatable steel X20Cr13 in sodium chloride solutionsFor blades in steam trubines it is common to use the heat-treatable steels with 13% Cr (X20Cr13). Cracking of blades in the region of the turbine, where the steam starts to get wet, have often been referred to be caused by corrosion fatigue. The fatigue cracks sometimes start at inclusions in the material, but more often at pits caused by pitting corrosion. Pitting is brought about by chloride containing blade deposits. To examine the pitting behaviour of the steel in NaCl-solutions we measured the mixed-potential, the potentiostatic piting potential, the mass-loss and the pits per area as depending on temperature (20-80°C), pH (5-7-9), oxygen content (20 μg/kg up to saturation with oxygen) and chloride content (8×10-5 mole/l up to saturation with NaCl 5,4 mole/l). The results show that steel X20Cr13 suffers pitting corrosion because of it's low Cr content in all technical possible NaCl solutions down to a Cl content of 10-5 mole/l at the mixed potential.
    Notes: Als schaufelwerkstoff für Dampfturbinen wendet man überwiegend Vergütungsstähle mit 13% Cr (X 20 Cr 13) an. Schaufelbrüche im Gebiet beginnender Dampfnässe der Turbine ließen sich häufig auf Schwingungsrißkorrosion zurückführe, die ihren Ausgang von Werkstoffinhomogenitäten, im allgemeinen jedoch von durch Lochkorrosion entstandenen löchern nahm. Ursache der Lochkorrosion sind festgestellte chloridhaltige Schaufelbeläge. Um das Lochkorrosionsverhalten dieses Stahles zu untersuchen, wurden in Natriumchlloridlösungen das Ruhe- und Lochkorrosionspotential, Massenverlust und Lochzahldichte und das Redoxpotential der Lösungen in Abhängigkeit von der temperatur (20-80°C), pH-Wert (5-7-9), Sauerstoffgehalt (20 μg/l bis sauerstoffgesättigt) und Chloridkonzentration (8 × 10-5 m/l bis 5,4 m/l (ges.)) bestimmt. Es ergab sich, daß der Stahl X20Cr13 wegen seiner nur gering ausgeprägten Passivität in praktisch allen technisch möglichen chloridhaltigen Elektrolyten bis hinab zu 10-5m/l Cl anfällig gegen Lochkorrosion ist.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1383-1394 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The preparation and properties of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide-catalyzed phenolic resins polymerized in 1-liter glass reactors over a broad range of F/P mole ratios are described. Laminates produced from selected sodium carbonate-catalyzed resins coated on kraft paper are discussed and compared with laminates prepared from standard sodium hydroxide-catalyzed resins. Several apparent advantages of the sodium carbonate-catalyzed resin systems over the sodium hydroxide-catalyzed resins are presented. The superior performance is attributed to the high degree of crosslinking resulting from the high concentration of methylolated phenols present in the sodium carbonate-catalyzed resin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1267-1272 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method of multipeak resolution and computation of background scatter in x-ray diffraction from fiber has been applied to jute fibers. While crystallinity as determined by this method in raw and delignified jute fibers remains unchanged, perfection of the crystalline regions improves on delignification.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 11 (1977), S. 811-838 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The present status of skeletal fixation of permanent orthopedic implants by poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is discussed. It is proposed that alternatives to the acrylic cement can improve the skeletal fixation. The present paper is concerned with the fixation method by bone ingrowth into pores of the implant surface.Two different implantation models have been designed to investigate the influence of load bearing upon ingrowth in surface pores of the implant: intramedullary nails as a means of fixation of a femoral pseudarthrosis and hinged knee prostheses. In each animal, implants with identical material characteristics (pore size, density, and thickness of the porous layer) but different loading conditions were used: one implant was “statically” loaded, the other “dynamically.” This procedure allows the evaluation of ingrowth with regard to load bearing only.Two different mean pore sizes, viz., 87 and 110 μm, have been used with the two models. After an 8 week implantation period, bone ingrowth was evident for the statically loaded implants. Calcified tissue ingrowth was, however, not observed in the dynamically loaded implants. The discrepancy in bone ingrowth behavior between the statically and the dynamically loaded implants has been attributed to 1) the gross movement or the micromovement existing at the bone prosthesis interface and 2) the fact that the critical mean pore size for ingrowth with static loading is smaller than the one with dynamic loading.The experimental implantations allow still another conclusion: the results suggest that designs of present clinical prostheses fixed by bone cement cannot be used with the alternative fixation by bone ingrowth unless the deisgn has been changed in a fundamental way. Mechanical factors as well as the phenomenology of bone ingrowth fixation account for this conclusion.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The photoelectret charge in the aluminum-poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) conducting-glass (NESA), sandwich cell configuration has been observed to decrease with voltage above some critical voltage, depending on the intensity of illumination. This critical voltage corresponds to the value at which a time-independent photocurrent is observed and also to the “knee-point” voltage in the current voltage plot. The results are explained on the basis of field-assisted detrapping setting in at high field.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 2 (1977), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An improved gas comparison pycnometer has been developed, based on precise differential pressure measurements coupled with a sample volume compensator. Using helium gas, volumes of solid and powdered explosives can be measured to a precision approaching one part in lo4. Coupled with a precise mass measurement, these volumes allow densities with an uncertainty of ∼± 0.002 g/ml to be inferred. Measurements performed on various explosives have allowed assessment of the purity and homogeneity of individual samples. It is also possible to infer void percentage or porosity in pressed explosive pellets.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 15 (1977), S. 259-264 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 2755-2771 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Derivatives and peptides of β-nitrobenzyl-L-aspartates were studied with high-field nmr. Differences were observed between the chemical shifts of protons located near the extremity of the principal chain as a function of the terminal group. These differences are explained by conformational calculations which exclude the existence of an hydrogen bond and demonstrate the influence of the aromatic ring position on the protons of the main chain. Both nmr experiments and conformational analysis indicate that conformations are nearly the same for ortho, meta, and para nitro substitution. These conclusions are in good agreement with Karplus relationship applied to the α and β protons.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 16 (1977), S. 1357-1361 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1977), S. 2999-3006 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the early stage of acid catalyzed heterogeneous hydrolysis of different samples of regenerated cellulose at low temperatures (0, 20, and 30°C) was studied. The degradation of macromolecules was followed by determining the decrease of the degree of polymerization by measuring the viscosity of cellulose solutions in cadoxen. Interpretation of the experimental results using equations for first order reactions showed that in the studied experimental range first order kinetics cannot be applied. It was found that the rate constant decreases during the course of the hydrolysis at constant temperature. However, the experimental results could be explained by kinetic equations for heterogeneous processes with a solid and a liquid phase in the heterogeneous system. Kinetic parameters calculated from these equations point out that the process could be described as a diffusion controlled process.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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