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  • Other Sources  (92)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (92)
  • 1990-1994
  • 1975-1979  (92)
  • 1977  (92)
  • 1
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    Magnetosphere boundary observations along the Imp 7 orbit. I - Boundary locations and wave level variations (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper is concerned with magnetosphere boundary phenomena observed by the Imp 7 magnetic field, plasma, and plasma wave instruments in 1972 and 1973. Boundary locations for a 15-month period are surveyed, and the different types of crossings are described. The spacecraft crosses the dawn and dusk boundaries near 25 earth radii downstream, and the physical processes at the Imp 7 magnetopause appear to be intermediate between those observed over the poles and those observed at the lunar orbit. The Imp 7 orbit also traverses a downstream region near where 'fireball' phenomena occur. Electromagnetic wave modes detected in the broad low-frequency channel of the wave instrument are analyzed, and the interpretation of data of this type suggests that the broad low-frequency channel is sensitive to oscillations in the lower hybrid resonance region of the spectrum.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Nov. 1
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  • 2
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    Reflection of radio waves by sporadic-E layers (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A full-wave analysis of the reflection coefficient is developed and applied to electron-density profiles of midlatitude sporadic-E layers observed by rocket-borne probes. It is shown that partial reflection from the large electron-density gradients at the upper and lower boundaries of sporadic-E layers does not account for the partial transparency observed by ionosondes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 39; Aug. 197
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  • 3
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    Microstructure of a magnetotail fireball (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: We use high time resolution data from the magnetometer, LEPEDEA and plasma wave analyzer on IMP-7 to examine the microstructure of a long-duration magnetotail fireball event observed during an extended quiet period on November 9, 1972. We demonstrate that the magnetic field is turbulent with fluctuation time scales down to several seconds. These findings suggest that the magnetic merging process may be a highly turbulent one, possibly associated with a form of the tearing mode instability.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 4; June 197
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  • 4
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    A rocket-borne airglow photometer (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The design of a rocket-borne photometer to measure the airglow emission of ionized molecular nitrogen in the 391.4 nm band is presented. This airglow is a well known and often observed phenomenon of auroras, where the principal source of ionization is energetic electrons. It is believed that at some midlatitude locations energetic electrons are also a source of nighttime ionization in the E region of the ionosphere. If this is so, then significant levels of 391.4 nm airglow should be present. The intensity of this airglow will be measured in a rocket payload which also contains instrumentation to measured in a rocket payload which also contains instrumentation to measure energetic electron differential flux and the ambient electron density. An intercomparison of the 3 experiments in a nightime launch will allow a test of the importance of energetic electrons as a nighttime source of ionization in the upper E region.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-155327 , UILU-ENG-77-2501 , (ISSN 0568-0581)
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Systematic study of plasma flow during plasma sheet thinnings (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: On the basis of a study of Imp 6 measurements of plasma flow, it is concluded that there is no clear indication of a predominance of tailward plasma flow beyond about X = -15 R sub E in the midnight sector of the plasma sheet during the expansive phase of a substorm. In fact, it is shown statistically that sunward plasma flow is more frequently observed in the midnight sector within about 30 R sub E from the earth than in any other direction during plasma sheet thinning at the substorm expansion. This result supports the conclusion that there is no definite evidence for the formation of a reconnection neutral line in the near-earth plasma sheet during most substorms.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Oct. 1
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  • 6
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    An experiment to measure variations in nighttime E-region neutral concentration (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An experimental procedure is demonstrated which holds promise for the nighttime measurement of ion-neutral collision frequencies or net neutral concentration in the E-region by combining incoherent scatter data with appropriate photometric measurements. Data illustrating the technique are applied to comparing relative variations in atomic oxygen concentrations (from the E-region component of the O I 5577 A emission) near 100 km to those in the net neutral concentration obtained from combined incoherent scatter data and neutral temperature data extracted from Fabry-Perot measurement of the O I 5577 A line profile.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Radio Science; 12; Mar
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  • 7
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    Observations of atomic oxygen /O/+// in the earth's magnetotail (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The electrostatic analyzer aboard Imp 7 examined energy spectra of positive ions in certain streaming plasmas adjacent to the plasma sheet and within the geomagnetic tail at geocentric radial distances of about 35 R-E, revealing minor, though often persistent, secondary maxima of intensities with energy per unit charge a factor of 16 greater than that of the maxima corresponding to the dominant H(+) ions. The secondary maximum at higher E/Q was identified as a small flux of singly ionized atomic oxygen O(+), from the ionosphere. O(+) fluxes in the geomagnetic tail were about 10 to the 5th/(sq cm s) and imply O(+) upward fluxes in the upper ionosphere of about 10 to the 8th/(sq cm s). The kinetic energy of the oxygen ions is about 1-5 keV, while estimates of the global escape of the ions are about 3 x 10 to the 6th kg/yr.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Jan. 1
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  • 8
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    The magnetopause at 5.2 R/E/ in August 1972 - Magnetopause motion (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The paper analyzes magnetic field records from ATS 5 and Explorer 45 satellites, provided with triaxial flux gate magnetometer, during the close approach of the magnetopause to the earth. Attention is directed to a discussion of the observing arrangements, a detailed comparison of the two sets of observations, and an interpretation of the magnetopause motion and of magnetic pulsations. The pulsations appear not to be due to surface waves propagating in the magnetopause.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Apr. 1
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  • 9
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    The magnetopause at 5.2 R/E/ on August 4, 1972 - Magnetopause shape and structure (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The relatively large magnitude magnetopause field observed in several crossings associated with the ATS 5 and Explorer 45 satellites on August 4, 1972, is used to examine the structure of the magnetopause. The discussion covers magnetopause normals and their intepretation with respect to the shape of the magnetopause and to waves propagating in the magnetopause; magnetopause structure in terms of the field changes observed during magnetopause passages and of the associated magnetopause electric currents interred from the observations; and comparison of the observations with theoretical properties of open and close magnetopause models. Features necessary for comparison of magnetometer observations with pertinent theories are highlighted.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; Apr. 1
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  • 10
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    Results of ionization measurements in the middle atmosphere (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Positive-ion electrical-conductivity measurements, which are now performed with 4-cm diameter meteorological rocket payloads, provide a simple means of monitoring the NO concentration in the mesosphere, as well as the ionization variability. A wavelike dynamical structure is observed at low latitudes. Parachute-borne Gerdien mobility analyzers show, in addition, ion mobility spectra which spread from much greater to much less than that expected for simple gas-phase ions in the mesosphere and also indicate an ion clustering chain in the stratosphere. Large particulate ions apparently form in the daytime and grow very large at night. An instrument combining the mobility analyzer with a flashing source of ionizing radiation could be used as an NO(x) spectrometer.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Symposium on Minor Constituents and Excited Species; Jun 08, 1976 - Jun 19, 1976; Philadelphia, PA; US|Symposium on Minor Constituents and Excited Species; Jun 09, 1976 - Jun 10, 1976
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