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  • Chemical Engineering  (35)
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  • GENERAL
  • 2000-2004
  • 1975-1979  (36)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1977  (36)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 657-665 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Five glass bead-filled polypropylene composites were rheologically characterized at 240°C using two rotational rheometers to obtain low shear-rate data and a capillary rheometer to obtain high shear-rate data. Both steady and dynamic properties were measured at low shear rates. Each composite was also injection molded into tensile and flexural test bars for a mechanical properties profile at 25°C. The tensile modulus was determined from a simple extensional deformation whereas the flexural modulus was determined from a three-point-bend test.The relative shear viscosity and relative loss modulus are different nonlinear functions of the volume fraction of beads at a constant shear rate, while the relative storage modulus appears to be a linear function of bead fraction. The relative viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate and the zero shear-rate data are in very good agreement with the Guth-Gold equation.The relative tensile modulus and relative flexural modulus are each linear functions of bead fraction over the entire range of filler concentration, 0-29 vol percent. From these data it is concluded that a simple correspondence between slow viscous flow and small strain elasticity does not exist for these composites.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 724-727 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanistic origins of the post extrusion swelling phenomenon have been the subject of considerable debate. Conflicting theories have postulated that it is caused either by (1) deformations at the die entrance which are recovered upon die exit as a consequence of viscoelastic memory or (2) elastic enorgy, which is stored during capillary flow by the action of normal stress, and subsequently released upon die exit or by both (1) and (2). We have described these situations by mathematical models and show that the resulting equations are similar despite different origins. The difficulties in interpreting the results mechanistically are discussed. Empirically, the results can be described as being exponential in capillary residence irrespective of cause.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 17 (1977), S. 440-449 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The, nature of polymer surfaces has received increasing attention as the use of these materials, in a variety of forms, increases yearly. Modifications of polymer surfaces for adhesion, friction, and diffusion oriented appiications have necessitated a careful analysis of the surfade region morphology (surface physics) and chemical properties of the surface layer (surface chemistry). The behavior of composite structures has involved the discipline of classical fracture mechanics. The orientation of polymeric species or additives which migrate to the interface may modify the wetting characteristics and, most certainly, the frictional properties in addition to the diffusion of penetrant species beyond the boundary layer. The above topics are discussed within the framework of recent analytical and theoretical developments in surface science. The findings of these recent studies have facilitated many exciting technological advances.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 177-184 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusional mass transfer across membranes with uniform but low pore densities was studied experimentally as a function of stirring rate and pore area fraction. The results were analyzed in terms of a stagnant film boundary-layer model specially formulated for a heterogeneous membrane containing discrete pores. The overall membrane diffusional resistance is linearly related to the inverse of the pore area fraction of the membranes for a constant stirring rate. An equivalent boundary-layer thickness can be defined which is independent of membrane properties but a unique function of stirrer speed. These experimental boundary-layer thicknesses are greater by a factor of 3 than those predicted by a published Sherwood number correlation determined for homogeneous surfaces, but the stirring rate dependence is in excellent agreement with this same correlation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 816-822 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Process synthesis involves manipulation of the process arrangement, while studying the variables of each arrangement, to arrive at the optimal process. If each process arrangement is treated as a discrete variable, process synthesis becomes a mixed integer optimization problem. This paper examines the synthesis of heat exchanger networks using the adaptive random search procedure, which can be used to search continuous and discrete independent variables simultaneously. The means of handling the heat exchanger arrangement as a discrete variable is discussed, and the incorporation of various synthesis heuristics is presented. The results of synthesis of 2 × 2, 2 × 3, and 3 × 3 networks are presented and compared with other methods of synthesis.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 602-604 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 632-642 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stable isothermal multiplicities were observed during carbon monoxide oxidation in an integral reactor, filled with alumina supported platinum catalysts. The multiplicities were investigated in the conversion-temperature, conversion-inlet carbon monoxide concentration and conversion-mass flow rate domains.The region of multiplicities was found to widen significantly upon catalyst aging which enhanced the pellets' diffusive resistances.Several intermediate stable steady states were found between the highest and lowest steady states, both experimentally and theoretically.All the above phenomena could be well interpreted by the interactions of the kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation with intrapellet diffusion resistances.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 544-553 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A plausible spill mechanism is proposed and idealized dissolution modes are developed for the prediction of lifetime and downstream cup-mixing concentration of spilled liquids. Four models are developed which reveal that detailed knowledge of the quantity and distribution of geometric shapes that make up the bottom residing interface between the spillage and the overlaying water are the independent variables of primary importance.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 726-732 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Legendre transform theory is used to develop two general critical point criteria for a classical thermodynamic system. The problem of indeterminacy is discussed, as is the option of employing mole fractions (rather than mole numbers).
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 336-341 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Diffusion rates of nitrogen and methane have been measured across ten porous solids at 35°C and 1 atm by a steady state flow method. The porous plugs used were cylindrical in shape, with diffusion occurring in the direction of the axis. Diffusion data were taken with porous cores either dry or saturated with liquids. Water and n-heptane were used as saturating liquids.The rather complex internal structure of porous solids were indirectly characterized through some auxiliary measurements. These included porosity, permeability, and electrical resistivity factor (yet another indirect measurement of tortuosity).The effective diffusion coefficients were correlated for the gas phase diffusion as a function of porosity. The ratio of effective diffusion coefficient to the open space diffusion coefficient (De/Do) was correlated for dry cores using the properties approximately characterizing the pore structure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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