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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (104)
  • Animals
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (104)
  • 1985-1989  (80)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1986  (80)
  • 1977  (24)
Collection
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Years
  • 1985-1989  (80)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional morphology of the M. Gastrocnemius medialis of the rat during growth (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Length-force relations, both active and passive, and twitch contraction characteristics were quantified for left medial gastrocnemius muscles of four young, four adult, and four old male Wistar rats. Muscle and bundle optimum length and muscle weight were also determined and subsequently used for calculation of a number of morphological characteristics of the muscles. Fiber optimum length was derived from muscle bundle optimum length. Generally, physiological characteristics remained constant during growth. There was no change either in active tension at muscle optimum length or in active working range relative to fiber optimum length, relative passive fiber stiffness, active force relative to passive force at optimum length, twitch contraction time and twitch half relaxation time at optimum length. A number of morphological changes, however, did take place in the medial gastrocnemius muscle during growth. Fiber optimum length increased but only by about 2 mm from youth to old age, whereas muscle optimum length increased by approximately 14 mm, presumably owing to extensive hypertrophy of the muscle fibers during growth. The priority for force of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (defined as the quotient of physiological cross-sectional area of a muscle and the cubed root of its volume, a measure independent of architecture and dimensions of muscles) increased during growth. This increase indicates that during growth the muscle shifts relatively more towards force generation than towards excursion generation. These findings are discussed in view of existing scaling theories.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870210
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the female cuticular organ in the asellota (crustacea, isopoda) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In an effort to understand the variation and probable origin of a female copulatory organ found in isopods of the asellote superfamily Janiroidea, the morphology of female reproductive structures among the Asellota was surveyed. Examples of four asellote superfamilies were studied using whole mount staining after potassium-hydroxide maceration or clearing with lactic acid. In contradiction to previous conclusions, the cuticular organ is shown to occur in the more primitive Asellota, although the position of its opening varies considerably. In the genera Asellus, and Stenetrium, Munna, and Santia, the cuticular organ originates adjacent to the oopore, and in the remaining janiroidean isopods, it is placed dorsally and usually anteriorly. This information permits a simple hypothesis explaining the origin of the cuticular organ: it was present in the proximate ancestor of the Asellota and evolved to the janiroidean condition by anterodorsal migration.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900306
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fibromuscular basket (sporta perimedullaris musculosa) in renculi of kidneys from the ringed seal, Phoca hispida (Pinnipedia) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 188 (1986), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The medulla of renculi from kidneys of Ringed seals (Phoca hispida) is completely enclosed by cortex except at the hilum. Within the renculus, the fibromuscular coat of the calyx separates from the transitional epithelium at the level of the corticomedullary junction, where the intrarencular arteries also diverge into the parenchyma. Flat ribbons of this stromal tissue form an arborized framework near the medullary side of the intrarencular arteries and the larger of the arcuate arteries derived from them. The ribbons, which are clearly distinct from periarterial connective tissue, are composed of coarse collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle cells, all oriented in the direction of the long axes of the ribbons, and myofibroblasts. The proportion of smooth muscle cells decreases and that of myofibroblasts increases with increasing distance from the calyx. At the base of the medullary pyramid, the elements of the framework diminish in width and ultimately blend with the surrounding interstitial tissue. The stromal framework, or basket, is homologous with the Sporta perimedullaris musculosa of cetacean kidneys.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051880308
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the green livers in upstream migrants of Petromyzon marinus L. (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 188 (1986), S. 347-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A morphological comparison was made of the green livers of male and female lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) collected during the upstream (prespawning) migration. Light and electron microscope histochemistry for iron, and both thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas in the electron microscope, revealed some sexual dimorphism in these livers. Ferric iron is much more abundant in the liver of females and is present in the cytoplasmic matrix, in dense bodies, and in vacuoles of hepatocytes. The numerous vacuoles of females may be the deposition site of biliverdin and other bile components that would account for the darker green coloration of the liver compared to males. Hepatocytes in females are also characterized by prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus that reflect the involvement of the cells in vitellogenesis. The presence of numerous lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of males indicates that the liver is an important storage site for fat. The lipid droplets are associated with electron-dense deposits of unknown nature. Large gap junctions typify the parenchymal cells of both male and female livers. Perisinusoidal and sinusoidal cells are similar to those in the nonparenchymal region in other vertebrate livers, namely, endothelial and Kupffer cells, lipocytes (Ito), and some granulated cells. The relationship of lipocytes to fibrous tissue and fibrogenesis is discussed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051880309
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odontogenesis and amelogenesis in interacting lizard - Quail tissue combinations (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 189 (1986), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study we examined the possible inductive role of the dental papilla from polyphyodont lizard tooth germs. Flank skin sheets of quail ectoderm enzymatically separated from dermal tissue were recombined with lizard tooth papillae and placed on semisolid medium and cultured for 2 days. Subsequently, the recombinants were removed and placed on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick hosts and incubated for 6 days. After this period of 8 days in explant, control tissues differentiated according to their own phenotypes. Lizard dental papilla alone differentiated as fibroblasts. Quail flank skin ectoderm differentiated into epithelial sheets. Intact lizard tooth buds developed into teeth with dentine and incipient enamel. In the best experimental recombinants, advanced and relatively well-constructed teeth were observed, with clear indications of hard tissue deposition in association with quail epithelium. The results show that mesenchyme of the adult lizard dental papilla and embryonic quail ectoderm of heterotopic origin are capable of carrying out the complex sequence of morphogenetic interactions involved in normal odontogenesis.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051890203
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the vasculature of the reproductive tract in some Australian marsupials (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 154 (1977), S. 95-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The origin, distribution and structure of the blood vessels of the female reproductive tract and the testis of the brush possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) were studied using latex and silicone rubber casting and histological techniques. Latex casts of the vessels of the female tract were also studied in five macropod species - Macropus giganteus, M. eugenii, M. agilis, Megaleia rufa and Thylogale billardierii, and in the common wombat (Vombatus ursinus).The female reproductive tract in the brush possum was supplied and drained by four major sets of paired vessels - ovarian, cranial urogenital, caudal urogenital, and internal pudendal arteries and veins. These vessels formed substantial anastomoses with one another on each side of the midline, and also across-the-midline anastomoses. The proximal part of the ovarian artery ran in close apposition to the ovarian vein, which received one or more large uterine branches. In its distal protion the ovarian artery gave rise to a leash of small, tortuous ovarian branches, which wound around and between the plexiform ovarian veins.The testicular arteries and veins in this species also ran in close apposition to one another. Both arteries and veins branched into many smaller, mildly tortuous, parallel vessels in the spermatic cord, which reunited before entering the testis.The blood vessels of the reproductive tract in all of the macropod species studied, and in the common wombat, were basically similar to those of the brush possum.The intimate structural relationships between ovarian arteries and veins, and their ovarian branches, in these marsupials are suggestive of specializations for counter-current exchange between venous and arterial blood. However, in contrast to those of the testicular vessels where heat exchange is a demonstrated function, their physiological significance remains unknown.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051540107
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and function of the circulatory organs of Leiobunum limbatum and two other species of harvestmen (arachnida: Opiliones) (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 190 (1986), S. 93-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure of the circulatory organs of Leiobunum limbatum, Mitopus morio, and Rilaena triangularis (Arachnida: Opiliones) has been investigated. We studied the organization of the heart, the myocardial contractile elements, its tubular system, organelles, and cell-junctions. The epicardium exhibits a large number of longitudinally arranged microtubules and is attached to the myocardium by special membrane complexes. Because of these structures, the epicardium is interpreted as the elastic antagonist to the heart muscle. At both ends of the heart the epicardium continues into a nonbranching aorta. Consequently the ultrastructure of the aortal wall, containing numerous microtubules, is similar to the ultrastructure of the epicardium. At the posterior end of the heart is a muscular slit-valve, while at the anterior end is a lobe-valve that lacks contractile elements. The heart is innervated by a dorsal ganglion. It covers the entire length of the heart and contains neural and glial cells. Two different types of neurosecretory granules and both electron-dense and electron-lucent synaptic vesicles are described.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051900109
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between intermediate filaments and microfilaments in cultured fibroblasts: Evidence for common foci during cell spreading (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 406-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Intermediate filaments ; microfilaments fibroblast cell spreading ; focal center ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spreading and fully spread chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) were examined by double-label fluorescence microscopy using the actin-specific probe rhodamine-phalloidin and an antibody directed against CEF intermediate filaments (IF). During midspreading, a striking relationship became discernible: statistical analysis showed that approximately half of the cell population exhibited one or more phase-dense, phalloidin-binding nodules that appeared to act as foci from which IF diverged. Coincidence between actin-containing structures and IF was not limited to these centers; IF could also frequently be seen running in close parallel arrays with stress fibers.Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of non-membrane-bound out-pocketings along the length of stress fibers from which 10-nm IF diverged. These structures varied in size and shape, and displayed a dense, fine fibrillar appearance. IF and microfilaments (MF) were distinguished by size and by decoration of MF with myosin subfragment-1. Other IF-MF interactions were seen in cells of all stages: IF were observed to loop through stress fibers, most frequently at the cell margins. In colchicine-treated cells, IF became redistributed into cables that often ran parallel and appeared to merge with stress fibers. Cytochalasin D-treated CEF exhibited loose aggregates of actin-containing material that appeared to be associated with IF.These results suggest the possibility of an interaction between actin-containing structures and IF, particularly during cell spreading in cultured fibroblasts.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060406
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The stabilization of microtubules in isolated spindles by tubulin-colchicine complex (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 282-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; microtubules ; colchicine ; isolated mitotic spindles ; birefringence ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have analyzed the effect of colchicine and tubulin dimer-colchicine complex (T-C) on microtubule assembly in mitotic spindles. Cold- and calcium-labile mitotic spindles were isolated from embryos of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus employing EGTA/glycerol stabilization buffers. Polarization microscopy and measurements of spindle birefringent retardation (BR) were used to record the kinetics of microtubule assembly-disassembly in single spindles. When isolated spindles were perfused out of glycerol stabilizing buffer into a standard in vitro microtubule reassembly buffer (0.1 M Pipes, pH 6.8, 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM MgCl2, and 0.5 mM GTP) lacking glycerol, spindle BR decreased with a halftime of 120 s. Colchicine at 1 mM in this buffer had no effect on the rate of spindle microtubule disassembly. Inclusion of 20 μM tubulin or microtubule protein, purified from porcine brain, in this buffer resulted in an augmentation of spindle BR. Interestingly, in the presence of 20 μM T-C, spindle BR did not increase, but was reversibly stabilized; subsequent perfusion with reassembly buffer without T-C resulted in depolymerization. This behavior is striking in contrast to the rapid depolymerization of spindle microtubules induced by colchicine and T-C in vivo. These results support the current view that colchicine does not directly promote microlubule depolymerization. Rather, it is T-C complex that alters microtubule assembly, by reversibly binding to microtubules and inhibiting elongation.In vivo, colchicine can induce depolymerization of nonkinetochore spindle microtubules within 20 s. In vitro, colchicine blocks further microtubule assembly, but does not induce rapid disassembly. The rate of tubulin dissociation from spindle microtubules in vitro in reassembly buffer without soluble tubulin is about 20 times slower than the rate of dissociation in vivo when assembly is blocked abruptly by T-C. The rate of tubulin dissociation from the spindle microtubules may determine their response to T-C, since the tubulin dissociation rate in vivo is about 12 times faster than the rate measured here for spindle microtubules in standard microtubule reassembly buffer at physiological temperature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060305
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for an interaction between the cell surface and intermediate filaments in cultured fibroblasts (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 389-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell membrane complex ; extracellular matrix ; fibronectin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Intermediate filaments (IF) were found in close proximity to the plasma membrane in substrate attached baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) and chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) as well as cells removed from their substrate in the absence of trypsin. However, in cells removed with trypsin, it appeared that IF had retracted away from the membrane. In cells with abundant extracellular matrix (ECM), colchicine induced massive cables of IF, which appeared to interact with specialized areas of the inner plasma membrane. In cells lysed to extract most microfilaments and cytoplasmic constituents, the intact IF network which remained was closely associated with the ECM. From these ultrastructural observations it was concluded that IF interact in some way with a “cell membrane complex” defined as comprising the plasma membrane and molecules attached to its inner and outer surfaces.In order to investigate the possibility that components of the membrane complex may co-isolate with IF, native intermediate filaments (NIF) were prepared. In addition to the structural subunits and other associated polypeptides, a ∼220 kd species which reacted specifically with antibodies directed against the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) was observed; 220 kd was still present after NIF were isolated under pH conditions where FN is more soluble, suggesting that its presence was not simply due to the coprecipitation of two insoluble proteins. Immunofluorescence and immunogold localization confirmed that FN is a component of the cell membrane complex with which IF appeared to interact.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970060405
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