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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (208)
  • Animals
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (208)
  • 1985-1989  (184)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1989  (104)
  • 1986  (80)
  • 1977  (24)
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  • 1985-1989  (184)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1960-1964
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: elastase inhibitors ; β-lactams ; lung damage ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase (PMN elastase) is inhibited by L-659, 286 (7α-methoxy-8-oxo-3-[[(1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triaz-in-3-yl)thio]methyl]-5-thia-1-aza-6R-bicyclo [4.2.O]oct-2-ene-2-pyrrolidine carboxamide-5,-dioxide) with a Ki of 0.4 μM. This inhibition is time-dependent, rapid, and only slowly reversible, with a t1/2 of 〉 3 days at 25°C. L-659, 286 is also highly selective for PMN elastase, as it does not inhibit thrombin, trypsin, papain, plasmin, chymotrypsin, or cathepsin G. L-659, 286 administered intratracheally inhibits lung damage caused by administration via the same route of human PMN elastase into hamsters. In marmosets, L-659, 286 is cleared from blood very rapidly after an intravenous injection but is recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for several hours after intratracheal administration.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Conjugates of the single-chain ribosome-inactivating protein gelonin with ligands that bind to cell surface molecules vary greatly in their cytotoxicity. Conjugates that are not endocytosed after binding to cells exhibit low cytotoxicity similar to that of free gelonin, while conjugates that are endocytosed demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity relative to free gelonin. However, the number of internalized gelonin molecules needed to intoxicate cells to the same degree has been found to be similar for all conjugates and for free gelonin. The intracellular concentration of gelonin has to be between 2,000-10,000 molecules/cell to achieve a surviving fraction of 0.37. Our studies revealed the presence of three distinct categories of cell surface molecules, those that are efficient in mediating endocytosis of im-munotoxins, those that are only moderately efficient, and those that seem not to cause internalization of bound immunotoxins.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 140 (1989), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Marrow stroma has been shown to have osteogenic potential. Here we report the characterization of a unique stromal cell line derived from mouse bone marrow (MBA-15), which expresses osteoblastic phenotype in vitro and forms bone in vivo. More than 70% of cells in culture were histochemically positive for alkaline phosphatase. The enzyme levels were enhanced threefold when cultures were treated with dexamethasone. Gel electrophoresis of [3H]-proline-labeled cultures showed that MBA-15 cells produced only type I collagen. These cells were responsive to PTH, as indicated by a 50-fold increase in intracellular cAMP. Prostaglandin E2, but not calcitonin, stimulated cAMP up to 70-fold. When cultures were grown to confluence and fed daily with ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate, the cells formed a Von Kossa positive, thick extracellular matrix, shown to contain hydroxyapatite crystals. MBA-15 cells produced mineralized bone when implanted in diffusion chambers. These results indicate that the MBA-15 cell line possesses osteoblastic features in vitro and osteogenic capacity in vivo.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 140 (1989), S. 549-557 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Entry times for spherical (no pseudopods) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into a 4 μm micropipet have been measured as a function of pipet suction pressure (2,500-20,000 dyn/cm2) and concentration of the drug pentoxifylline (PTX, 0.1-10.0 mM). For control cells (0 mM PTX), entry rates (reciprocal entry times) increased almost linearly with increasing suction pressure, indicating a Newtonian-like behavior. With incubation in PTX solutions, entry rate vs. suction pressure became increasingly non-linear, suggesting a shear-thinning effect for the dissipative structure. At a given suction pressure the rate of entry showed a dose-dependent increase with increasing PTX concentration, the effect being most pronounced at high suction pressures (20,000 dyn/cm2). Also, with increasing PTX concentration two other effects were observed: (i) there was a decreased incidence of cells that displayed pseudopodia, and (ii) there was an increased incidence of cells forming hernias and an increased streaming of cell cytoplasm during aspiration. The first observation points to a down-regulation of the cell's functional ability to “activate” in response to surface/chemical stimuli, and the second indicates that both the cortical and cytoskeletal networks are weakened either by disruption and/or reduction in density of the protein polymers. These observations are in line with other recently published experiments which suggest that the rheological effects of pentoxifylline on PMNs may be associated with the state of actin.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: oncogenes ; vitamin A ; thyroid hormones ; mammary cells ; cancer ; epithelial cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the actions of transforming growth factor (TGF) type α on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor mRNA expression in MDA-468 human mammary carcinoma cells in serum-free media. We found that exposure of MDA-468 cells to TGFα results in elevated levels of EGF receptor mRNA. This increase in mRNA accumulation showed time and dose dependence. Addition of TGFβ1 enhanced the accumulation of EGF receptor mRNA induced by TGFα in a time and dose-dependent manner. We also found that triiodothyronine at physiological concentrations exerts synergistic control on the action of TGFα alone, or in association with TGFβ1, on EGF receptor mRNA expression. Similarly, retinoic acid treatment also enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner the TGFα-dependent response of EGF receptor mRNA and acted synergistically with TGFβ1. The results described here suggest that optimum regulation of EGF receptor gene expression by TGFα is a complex process involving synergistic interactions with heterologous growth factors and hormones.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 39 (1989), S. 117-128 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: growth factor ; aFGF ; immunoassay ; eye ; vitreous body ; cornea ; retina ; lens ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: During the last ten years, several groups, including the present authors, have detected growth factor activities in various ocular tissues, and the presence of a ubiquitous Eye-Derived Growth Factor (EDGF) has been described. More recently, isolation and characterization of this growth factor activity from the retina led to the identification of two molecules. These molecules were shown to be identical to other growth factors isolated from neuronal and non-neuronal tissues and are now designated as acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF). The biological function and the reason for the ubiquitous distribution of these factors remain unclear. Understanding may be improved by quantification of this distribution in various tissues during development. In the present study, specific polyclonal antibodies were raised against acidic FGF, aFGF was determined in various ocular tissues by enzyme immunoassay, and the localization of immuno-reactive aFGF by immunohistological staining with fluorescent antibodies or with enzyme- or gold-labeled antibodies was studied.In almost all tissues tested aFGF was found; but the retina, cornea, and vitreous body contained the highest levels of aFGF per gram of tissue. In the retina, aFGF was associated primarily with the nerve fiber layer and the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors, whereas corneal aFGF was detected in the cytoplasma of the basal layer of epithelial cells.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bovine adrenal and brain cortex and corpus luteum-derived capillary endothelial cells have been established in culture, taking advantage of their ability to proliferate at clonal density when maintained on extracellular matrix (ECM) coated dishes in the presence of serum supplemented medium. All three cell types formed at confluency a monolayer of small, tightly packed, contact inhibited cells that express factor VIII related antigen. Their proliferative response to basic and acidic FGF when cells were maintained on plastic and exposed to serum supplemented medium was similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels, with acidic FGF being 30-fold less potent than basic FGF. Their requirement for high density lipoproteins and transferrin in order to proliferate actively when maintained on ECM-coated dishes and exposed to serum-free conditions was also similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels. Heparin strongly reduced the proliferative response of capillary endothelial cells to either basic or acidic FGF, as well as their response to serum alone, regardless of whether cells were maintained on plastic or on ECM-coated dishes. The present data indicate that bovine endothelial cells derived from large or small vessels are indistinguishable in so far as their response to growth factors, plasma factors, and substrata are concerned.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 216-222 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies were conducted to explore the effects of mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, on the growth and morphology of normal and transformed murine fibroblasts. Mevinolin is known to block DNA synthesis and cell growth in a number of kinds of non-transformed cells. Eight cell lines were studied, including two normal fibroblast cell lines (C3H 10T 1/2 and NIH 3T3) and derivatives of these cell lines transformed by chemical carcinogens, X-irradiation or the H-ras oncogene. All of the eight cell lines displayed appreciable growth inhibition by 5 μM mevinolin and marked inhibition by 30 μM mevinolin. Mevinolin also induced a marked rounding in the morphology of all of the cell lines. These effects of mevinolin on cell growth and morphology were blocked or reversed by the addition of mevalonic acid. Thus, both normal and transformed cells require mevalonate, or an as yet unidentified metabolite of mevalonate for their growth, even though some transformed cells have become relatively autonomous of other growth factors. Whereas mevinolin acted primarily as a cytostatic agent for most of the cell lines studied, with the transformed cell line MCA/10T 1/2, which ordinarily grows to a very high cell density, prolonged exposure to mevinolin caused marked cytotoxicity. Thus mevinolin might be useful as an anti-tumor agent for specific tumors.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant murine GM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and tested in parallel with purified native GM-CSF. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF stimulated granulocyte and/or macrophage colony formation by adult and fetalmouse progenitor cells, and with adult marrow cells the specific activity of the recombinant GM-CSF (25 × 108 U/mg) was similar to that of the native form (15 × 108 U/mg). At high concentrations (〉 200 U/ml), both forms of GM-CSF also stimulated eosinophil colony formation by adult marrow cells and, at very high concentrations (〉 800 U/ml), megakaryocyte and some erythroid and mixed-erythroid colony formation. Recombinant GM-CSF was as effective in stimulating the proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line FD as the native molecule. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF were able to induce partial differentiation in colonies of WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic cells. Recombinant GM-CSF competed effectively for the binding of 125l-labeled native GM-CSF to hemopoietic cells, and anti-serum to recombinant GM-CSF also neutralized the biological activity of native GM-CSF. The bacterially synthesized GM-CSF was a slightly more effective stimulus for megakayocyte colony formation than then native molecule. The demonstration that purified bacterially synthesized GM-CSF is biologically active in vitro now permits studies to be undertaken on the in vivo effects of this material.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 432-440 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultures of the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTG-2 withstood temperatures from 0°C to 28°C. At 0°C and 28°C, no prolifertion occurred, but cells persisted for at least 7 days. If the cultures were placed back at 22°C, proliferation returned to normal in those that had been kept at 0°C but was reduced in cultures that had been kept at 28°C. Above 28°C, cultures survived for only short periods. If RTG-2 cells that were grown routinely at 22°C were shifted to 26, 28, and 30°C, heat shock proteins (hsps) of 100, 87, 70, 68, 60, 39, 27, and 19 kilodaltons were synthesized. Synthesis was most pronounced at 28°C, and at this temperature hsp synthesis was maximal by 2 hr and had returned to control levels by 36 hr. Individual hsps were synthesized maximally at slightly different times and temperatures, but under all conditions hsps 87 and 70 were most abundant. If cultures were shifted to 24°C or 32°C, hsp synthesis was not observed. Neither the placement of cultures at 5°C nor the shift of cultures that had been maintained at 0°C or 5°C back to 22°C induced the synthesis of hsps. However, cultures incubated at 5°C for 24 hr did synthesize hsps at 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C.
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