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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (200)
  • Animals
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (200)
  • 1985-1989  (176)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
  • 1987  (96)
  • 1986  (80)
  • 1977  (24)
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  • 1985-1989  (176)
  • 1975-1979  (24)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1950-1954
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 191 (1987), S. 77-87 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Development and innervation of the lymph heart musculature of chicken, emu, rhea, and duck was studied by electron microscopy at posthatch ages from 3 days to adulthood. Development of innervation was monitored by acetylcholinesterase staining. Horseradish peroxidase was used to determine the extent of the transverse tubule network. Chickens were unusual among these birds in that lymph heart myocytes had already undergone a definitive differentiation and degeneration by 3 days. In ducks and ratite birds, lymph heart myocytes more slowly but progressively differentiate a cytomorphology that does not conform in all characteristics to cardiac or skeletal muscle and even resembles in some aspects, smooth muscle. Myofibrils become the dominant cytoplasmic structure, transverse tubules form ‘internal couplings’ with agranular reticulum cisternae, and ‘external couplings’ are formed between myocytes at myomyal junctions. The myomyal junctions also contain AChE-positive reaction product and some subplasmalemmal vesicles that lack a dense core. The lymph heart myocardium of ducks of 2 weeks demonstrated mitotic figures. In adult ducks the myosatellite cell numbers diminish and a characteristic pattern of myocyte degeneration appears. In juvenile ducks and ratites some myocytes differentiate to conductile cells, much as the conductile myocytes and myofibers of the blood heart. The lymph heart innervation is described, and the role of nerve in differentiation and maintenance of myocyte morphology in the lymph heart is discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 192 (1987), S. 87-100 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When visual fields of the primitive orb-weaver, Waitkera waitkerensis, are reconstructed using measurements taken from intact lenses and cross and longitudinal sections of the prosoma, they show that this species has complete visual surveillance, but that none of the visual fields of its eight eyes overlap. The more advanced orb-weaver, Uloborus glomosus, also has eight eyes, but each eye has a greater visual angle, giving this species a complex pattern of overlapping visual fields. Uloborids that spin reduced webs are characterized by reduction or loss of the four anterior eyes and other carapace modifications necessary for them to effectively monitor and manipulate their reduced webs. The eyes of these uloborids have greater visual angles than those of orb-weavers, resulting primarily from perimetric expansion of their retinal hemispheres. Additionally, the axes of their visual fields are more ventrally directed due to greater dorsal than ventral retinal expansion and to ventral redirection of the entire eye. Consequently, even though the anterior lateral eyes of the triangle-weaver Hyptiotes cavatus lack retinae, the species' six functional eyes permit complete visual surveillance and exhibit visual overlap. The single-line-weaver, Miagrammopes animotus, has lost its four anterior eyes, and with them much of the anterior vision and all of the visual overlap found in the other species. However, changes similar to those of H. cavatus permit this species to retain most if its dorsal and ventral visual surveillance. Thus, ocular changes act in consort to maintain relatively complete visual surveillance in the face of eye loss and other major carapace modifications necessary for the operation of reduced webs.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bovine adrenal and brain cortex and corpus luteum-derived capillary endothelial cells have been established in culture, taking advantage of their ability to proliferate at clonal density when maintained on extracellular matrix (ECM) coated dishes in the presence of serum supplemented medium. All three cell types formed at confluency a monolayer of small, tightly packed, contact inhibited cells that express factor VIII related antigen. Their proliferative response to basic and acidic FGF when cells were maintained on plastic and exposed to serum supplemented medium was similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels, with acidic FGF being 30-fold less potent than basic FGF. Their requirement for high density lipoproteins and transferrin in order to proliferate actively when maintained on ECM-coated dishes and exposed to serum-free conditions was also similar to that previously reported for endothelial cells derived from large vessels. Heparin strongly reduced the proliferative response of capillary endothelial cells to either basic or acidic FGF, as well as their response to serum alone, regardless of whether cells were maintained on plastic or on ECM-coated dishes. The present data indicate that bovine endothelial cells derived from large or small vessels are indistinguishable in so far as their response to growth factors, plasma factors, and substrata are concerned.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 127 (1986), S. 216-222 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies were conducted to explore the effects of mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, on the growth and morphology of normal and transformed murine fibroblasts. Mevinolin is known to block DNA synthesis and cell growth in a number of kinds of non-transformed cells. Eight cell lines were studied, including two normal fibroblast cell lines (C3H 10T 1/2 and NIH 3T3) and derivatives of these cell lines transformed by chemical carcinogens, X-irradiation or the H-ras oncogene. All of the eight cell lines displayed appreciable growth inhibition by 5 μM mevinolin and marked inhibition by 30 μM mevinolin. Mevinolin also induced a marked rounding in the morphology of all of the cell lines. These effects of mevinolin on cell growth and morphology were blocked or reversed by the addition of mevalonic acid. Thus, both normal and transformed cells require mevalonate, or an as yet unidentified metabolite of mevalonate for their growth, even though some transformed cells have become relatively autonomous of other growth factors. Whereas mevinolin acted primarily as a cytostatic agent for most of the cell lines studied, with the transformed cell line MCA/10T 1/2, which ordinarily grows to a very high cell density, prolonged exposure to mevinolin caused marked cytotoxicity. Thus mevinolin might be useful as an anti-tumor agent for specific tumors.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 133 (1987), S. 351-357 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 31P NMR of living 32D cl23 cells and 1H NMR of cell extracts were used to study the metabolic effects of interleukin 3 (IL3). When IL3 was removed from 32D cl23 for 9-10 hours 31P spectra showed a decrease in sugar phosphate, γATP/ADP, αATP/ADP/NAD, and βATP resonances which declined progressively over a time period of up to 16 hours. By comparison, ATP measurements using the luciferin/luciferase method resulted in the decline of ATP levels from 12 hours in the absence of IL3. At this time, viability of the cells was unaffected. For 1H NMR experiments cells were grown in the presence and absence of IL3 for 4 and 24 hours, after which acid cell extracts were prepared. These spectra revealed a four-fold decrease in lactate 4 hours post-IL3 removal. Alanine levels were unchanged but glycine was elevated 1.5-fold whilst various other amino acids were elevated slightly. After 24 hours without IL3, only 22% of cells were viable which was reflected in a general decline of most resonance intensities. These findings suggest that IL3 exerts its effect primarily on glucose metabolism and has a delayed secondary effect on maintenance of ATP levels in the cell. We have demonstrated the applicability of high resolution 1H and 31P NMR to the study of cellular metabolism in hemopoietic cells.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 130 (1987), S. 245-254 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit nephron segments of proximal convoluted tubules (PCT); proximal straight tubules (PST); cortical and medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop (CAL, MAL); and cortical, outer medullary, and inner medullary collecting tubules (CCT, OMCT, IMCT) were individually microdissected and grown in monolayer culture in hormone supplemented, defined media. Factors favoring a rapid onset of proliferation included young donor age, distal tubule origin, and the addition of 3% fetal calf serum to the medium. All primary cultures had polarized morphology with apical microvilli facing the medium and basement membrane-like material adjacent to the dish. Differentiated properties characteristics of the tubular epithelium of origin retained in cultures included ultrastructural characteristics and cytochemically demonstrable marker enzyme proportions. PCT and PST were rich in alkaline phosphatase; CAL stained strongly for NaK-ATPase; CCT contained two cell populations with regard to cytochrome oxidase reaction. A CCT-specific antikeratin antibody (aLEA) was immunolocalized in CCT cultures, and a PST cytokeratin antibody stained PST cultures. The biochemical response of adenylate cyclase to putative stimulating agents was the same in primary cultures as in freshly isolated tubules. In PCT and PST adenylate cyclase activity was stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) but not by arginine vasopressin (AVP); CAL and MAL adenylate cyclase was stimulated by neither PTH nor AVP; CCT, OMCT, and IMCT adenylate cyclase was stimulated by AVP but not by PTH. NaF stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in every cultured segment. It is concluded that primary cultures of individually microdissected rabbit PCT, PST, CAL, MAL, CCT, OMCT, and IMCT retain differentiated characteristics with regard to ultrastructure, marker enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and hormone response of adenylate cyclase and provide a new system for studying normal and abnormal functions of the heterogeneous tubular epithelia in the kidney.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recombinant murine GM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and tested in parallel with purified native GM-CSF. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF stimulated granulocyte and/or macrophage colony formation by adult and fetalmouse progenitor cells, and with adult marrow cells the specific activity of the recombinant GM-CSF (25 × 108 U/mg) was similar to that of the native form (15 × 108 U/mg). At high concentrations (〉 200 U/ml), both forms of GM-CSF also stimulated eosinophil colony formation by adult marrow cells and, at very high concentrations (〉 800 U/ml), megakaryocyte and some erythroid and mixed-erythroid colony formation. Recombinant GM-CSF was as effective in stimulating the proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line FD as the native molecule. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF were able to induce partial differentiation in colonies of WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic cells. Recombinant GM-CSF competed effectively for the binding of 125l-labeled native GM-CSF to hemopoietic cells, and anti-serum to recombinant GM-CSF also neutralized the biological activity of native GM-CSF. The bacterially synthesized GM-CSF was a slightly more effective stimulus for megakayocyte colony formation than then native molecule. The demonstration that purified bacterially synthesized GM-CSF is biologically active in vitro now permits studies to be undertaken on the in vivo effects of this material.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 128 (1986), S. 432-440 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultures of the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTG-2 withstood temperatures from 0°C to 28°C. At 0°C and 28°C, no prolifertion occurred, but cells persisted for at least 7 days. If the cultures were placed back at 22°C, proliferation returned to normal in those that had been kept at 0°C but was reduced in cultures that had been kept at 28°C. Above 28°C, cultures survived for only short periods. If RTG-2 cells that were grown routinely at 22°C were shifted to 26, 28, and 30°C, heat shock proteins (hsps) of 100, 87, 70, 68, 60, 39, 27, and 19 kilodaltons were synthesized. Synthesis was most pronounced at 28°C, and at this temperature hsp synthesis was maximal by 2 hr and had returned to control levels by 36 hr. Individual hsps were synthesized maximally at slightly different times and temperatures, but under all conditions hsps 87 and 70 were most abundant. If cultures were shifted to 24°C or 32°C, hsp synthesis was not observed. Neither the placement of cultures at 5°C nor the shift of cultures that had been maintained at 0°C or 5°C back to 22°C induced the synthesis of hsps. However, cultures incubated at 5°C for 24 hr did synthesize hsps at 26°C, 28°C, and 30°C.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) modulated growth response of the MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell line, which neither expresses c-sis mRNA nor secretes a PDGF analogue, was characterized. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the MG-63 cells have 23,000 receptors per cell with a kd of 5 × 10-11 M. The receptor became phosphorylated, in a PDGF concentration-dependent manner, when 32P-orthophosphate-labeled cells were treated with PDGF for 3 h at 4°C. The phosphorylated receptor was identified by autora-diography and gel electrophoresis after isolation of the 32P-labeled receptor using a solid-phase monoclonal antibody directed against phosphotyrosine. Binding of the receptor to the antibody was inhibited by 5 mM phenyl phosphate, further suggesting that PDGF stimulated tyrosine-specific receptor autophosphorylation. In addition, treatment of MG-63 cells with PDGF for 3 h at 37°C induced a 7.5-fold increase in c-myc mRNA accumulation as analyzed on Northern gels. However, MG-63 cells grew equally well in either serum-(which contains PDGF) or plasma-(which does not) supplemented medium. Furthermore, PDGF did not stimulate DNA synthesis in growth arrested MG-63 cells, nor did it potentiate DNA synthesis modulated by somatomedin C. Thus MG-63 cells are a naturally occurring cell variant in which PDGF stimulates c-myc expression but does not modulate mitogenesis.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 132 (1987), S. 155-160 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Thermotolerance was studied in the rainbow trout fibroblast cell line RTG-2. RTG-2 cultures that had been incubated at 28°C for 24 h were better able to withstand ultimately lethal temperatures above 28°C than RTG-2 cultures that had been maintained at the routine growth temperature of 22°C. This thermotolerance developed rapidly between 3 and 6 h and was fully developed by 24 h at 28°C. After development for 24 hr at 28°C, thermotolerance showed little change over 72 h at 0 and 5°C but approximately a 40 and 60% reduction at 10 and 22°C, respectively. This is the first demonstration of heat-induced thermal resistance in the cells of a poikilothermic vertebrate.
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