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  • 1
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    A summary of the ECAS performance and cost results for MHD systems (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The potential is examined of various advanced power plant concepts using coal and coal-derived fuel. The results indicate that open cycle coal fired direct preheat MHD systems have potentially one of the highest coal-pile-to-bus-bar efficiencies and also one of the lowest costs of electricity (COE) of the systems studied. Closed cycle MHD systems may have the potential to approach the efficiency and COE of open cycle MHD. The 1200-1500 F liquid metal MHD systems studied do not appear to have the potential of exceeding the efficiency or competing with the COE of advanced steam plants.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-71913 , Symp. on the Eng. Aspects of Magnetohydrodynamics; May 24, 1976 - May 26, 1976; Philadelphia, PA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Brayton-cycle heat exchanger technology program (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The following five tasks designed to advance this development of heat exchanger systems for close loop Brayton cycle power systems are presented: (1) heat transfer and pressure drop data for a finned tubular heat transfer matrix. The tubes are arranged in a triangular array with copper stainless steel laminate strips helically wound on the tubes to form a disk fin geometry; (2) the development of a modularized waste heat exchanger. Means to provide verified double containment are described; (3) the design, fabrication, and test of compact plate fin heat exchangers representative of full scale Brayton cycle recuperators; (4) the analysis and design of bellows suitable for operation at 1600 F and 200 psia for 1,000 cycles and 50,000 hours creep life; and (5) screening tests used to select a low cost braze alloy with the desirable attributes of a gold base alloy. A total of 22 different alloys were investigated; the final selection was Nicrobraz 30.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-135158 , AIRESEARCH-75-12055
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Chemical vapor deposition growth (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A laboratory type CVD reactor system with a vertical deposition chamber and sample pedestal heated by an external RF coil has been extensively modified by installation of mass flow controllers, automatic process sequence timers, and special bellows-sealed air-operated valves for overall improved performance. Various film characterization procedures, including classical metallography, SEM analyses, X ray diffraction analyses, surface profilometry, and electrical measurements (resistivity, carrier concentration, mobility, spreading resistance profiles, and minority-carrier lifetime by the C-V-t method) area used to correlate Si sheet properties with CVD parameters and substrate properties. Evaluation procedures and measurements are given. Experimental solar cell structures were made both in epitaxial Si sheet (on sapphire substrates) and in polycrystalline material on alumina substrates, the former to provide an indication of what might be an upper limit on performance of the latter. Preliminary results are given, as obtained in cell structures not specially designed to allow for the unique properties of the sheet material, and fabricated in material known to be far from optimum for photovoltaic performance. Low power conversion efficiencies have been obtained in the epitaxial as well as the polycrystalline Si sheet.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-149233 , C76-320.3/501 , ERDA/JPL-954372-76/3
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Silicon materials task of the low cost solar array project (part 2) (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-153099 , ERDA/JPL-954331-77/1 , QR-5
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    M-I-S solar cell - Theory and experimental results (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The paper presents an operating-mode analysis of an MIS solar cell and discusses the advantages which can arise as a result of the use of transport control, field shaping (increased n factor), and zero bias barrier height modification. It is noted that for an n-type semiconductor, it is relatively easy to obtain an enhanced n factor using acceptor-like states without an increase in diode saturation current, the converse being true for p-type semiconductors. Several MIS configurations are examined: an acceptor-like, localized state configuration producing field shaping and no change in diode saturation current, and acceptor-like localized configurations producing field shaping, with a decrease of diode saturation current, in one case, and an increase in the other.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; Nov 15, 1976 - Nov 18, 1976; Baton Rouge, LA
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Prospects for pipeline delivery of hydrogen as a fuel and as a chemical feedstock (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The possibility of using hydrogen for storing and carrying energy obtained from nonfossil sources such as nuclear and solar energy is examined. According to the method proposed, these nonfossil raw energy sources will be used to obtain hydrogen from water by three basically distinct routes: (1) electrical generation followed by electrolysis; (2) thermochemical decomposition; and (3) direct neutron or ultraviolet irradiation of hydrogen bearing molecules. The hydrogen obtained will be transmitted in long-distance pipelines, and distributed to all energy-consuming sectors. As a fuel gas, hydrogen has many qualities similar to natural gas and with only minor modifications, it can be transmitted and distributed in the same equipment, and can be burned in the same appliances as natural gas. Hydrogen can also be used as a clean fuel (water is the only combustion product) for automobiles, fleet vehicles, and aircraft.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: American Gas Association Monthly; 58; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Application of solar energy to air conditioning systems (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The results of a survey of solar energy system applications of air conditioning are summarized. Techniques discussed are both solar powered (absorption cycle and the heat engine/Rankine cycle) and solar related (heat pump). Brief descriptions of the physical implications of various air conditioning techniques, discussions of status, proposed technological improvements, methods of utilization and simulation models are presented, along with an extensive bibliography of related literature.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-150532 , IBM-76W-0122
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    An inexpensive economical solar heating system for homes (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A low-cost solar home heating system to supplement existing warm-air heating systems is described. The report is written in three parts: (1) a brief background on solar heating, (2) experience with a demonstration system, and (3) information for the homeowner who wishes to construct such a system. Instructions are given for a solar heating installation in which the homeowner supplies all labor necessary to install off-the-shelf components estimated to cost $2,000. These components, which include solar collector, heat exchanger, water pump, storage tank, piping, and controls to make the system completely automatic, are available at local lumber yards, hardware stores, and plumbing supply stores, and are relatively simple to install. Manufacturers and prices of each component used and a rough cost analysis based on these prices are included. This report also gives performance data obtained from a demonstration system which was built and tested at the Langley Research Center.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-X-3294 , L-10451
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS), Westinghouse phase 1. Volume 12: Fuel cells (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A parametric assessment of four fuel cell power systems -- based on phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, molten carbonate, and stabilized zirconia -- has shown that the most important parameters for electricity-cost reduction and/or efficiency improvement standpoints are fuel cell useful life and power density, use of a waste-heat recovery system, and fuel type. Typical capital costs, overall energy efficiencies (based on the heating value of the coal used to produce the power plant fuel), and electricity costs are: phosphoric acid $350-450/kWe, 24-29%, and 11.7 to 13.9 mills/MJ (42 to 50 mills/kWh); alkaline $450-700/kWe, 26-31%, and 12.8 to 16.9 mills/MJ (46 to 61 mills/kWh); molten carbonate $480-650/kWe, 32-46%, and 10.6 to 19.4 mills/MJ (38 to 70 mills/kWh), stabilized zirconia $420-950/kWe, 26-53%, and 9.7 to 16.9 mills/MJ (35 to 61 mills/kWh). Three types of fuel cell power plants -- solid electrolytic with steam bottoming, molten carbonate with steam bottoming, and solid electrolyte with an integrated coal gasifier -- are recommended for further study.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-134941-VOL-12 , REPT-76-9E9-ECAS-RLV.12-VOL-12
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  • 10
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    A theoretical study of heterojunction and graded band gap type solar cells (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The theory of heterojunction and graded bandgap solar cells was studied to help determine the material compositions and device dimensions needed for high efficiency solar cells. Because of the involved analysis of the fundamental equations describing solar cell operation, a general numerical device analysis program was used. A major part of the initial work was involved in modifying an existing silicon solar cell analysis program to account for the unique features of graded bandgap and heterojunction solar cells. The most successful III-V solar cells have so far been constructed in the GaAs and Gal-xAlxAs material systems; this project was concerned with such solar cells. The most efficient solar cell so far evaluated is an abrupt heterojunction cell with a pure AlAs layer at the surface with a GaAs substrate. The predicted efficiency for this cell is slightly larger than that of a graded bandgap Gal-xAlxAs solar cell.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-146840
    Format: application/pdf
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