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  • Articles  (14)
  • Chemical Engineering  (14)
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Physical Chemistry
  • 1975-1979  (14)
  • 1976  (14)
  • Physics  (14)
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  • Articles  (14)
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  • 1975-1979  (14)
Year
Topic
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyphenylquinoxalines - high performance thermoplastics (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The synthesis, processing characteristics, thermal propers, and adhesive and composite properties of polyphenvlqmnoxahnes are briefly reviewed. In addition, new high molecular weight soluble carbonate/phenylquinoxaline copolymers from the cyclopolycondensation of aromatic bis(o-diamines) with a bis(benzilyl) carbonate are reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disruptive processes in the shear crystallization of poly(ethylene oxide) (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 182-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystallization behavior of samples of poly(ethylene oxide) of varying molecular weights and molecular weight distributions has been studied under varying conditions of shear rate and temperature. These experiments have been carried out in two devices. One is a shearing parallel-plate instrument that allows direct observation of the crystallizing medium. The other is a shearing concentric-cylinder dilatometer. In general, shear enhanced the rates of crystallization and nucleation. However, conditions were encountered under which shear retarded crystallization and/or nucleation. Combination of the data from these two devices suggests that, under certain shearing and sample conditions, chain slippage and particle fracture lead to decreased apparent rates of nucleation and/or crystallization.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160311
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between torque and capillary rheometer thermal stability measurements for PVC compounds (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 240-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A method is described to predict the time-temperature behavior and hence thermal stability of PVC melts in a Brabender Plasticorder torque rheometer from basic rheological data(flow and thermal stability observations) obtained on an Instron capillary rheormeter. The predicted and experimentally determined values of the Brabender thermal stability are shown to be in good agreement.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160404
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictions of limiting mechanical performance for anisotropic crystalline polymers (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 371-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A four-stage synthesis of molecular, micromechanical, and macromechanical models is used to predict the dependence of the longitudinal and transverse Young's moduli and the axial and transverse shear moduli of anisotropic polyethylene on percent crystallinity and the state of molecular orientation. Variational methods are employed to establish the upper and lower limits for anisotropic elastic response. The difference between lower and upper bound limits is interpreted as the potential for improving mechanical performance. A modified form of the Tsai-Halpin equation is used to examine parametric ranging (via a contiguity factor, ξ) between the lower and Tupper bound limits. In this application, the contiguity factor is interpreted as a characteristic of the internal stress-strain distribution which is dependent upon the size, shape, packing geometry, and elastic properties of the crystalline and amorphous regions. The potential for achieving high modulus polymeric materials is illustrated by treating percent crystallinity, molecular orientation, and contiguity as materials design variables subject to control by processing conditions. Optimum property trade-offs, necessary for balancing the over all mechanical behavior of anisotropic materials, are illustrated through the control of orientation and contiguity, The theoretical predictions for the moduli of anisotropic polyethylene are in good agreement with values reported for material processed by traditional procedures as well as ultra-oriented polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160517
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction of the onset of extrudate distortion in polyethylenes from rheological data (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 626-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An extensive set of rheological data, including steady shear, normal stress, and oscillatory response functions, have been obtained for several polyethylene melts, and a modified form of the Spriggs nonlinear co-rotational model has been used to represent the data. The resulting model was used to predict the transient stress response of the melts in a simplified model of the extrusion process, with a resulting criterion for the onset of melt distortion in terms of readily evaluated rheological parameters. The predicted occurrence of melt distortion based on this criterion agreed well with observations for the polymers in this study as well as for a variety of other polymers reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160906
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New techniques for mixing viscous reacting liquids. Part I. Mechanical means to improved laminar mixingPortions of this paper were presented November 6, 1975 by the symposium sponsored by the MIT-Industry Polymer Processing Program. An abbreviated version of this paper was presented at the 1976 Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Inc. (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 664-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A discussion of the basic mechanisms and governing laws for liquid mixing is used to motivate new design concepts for more efficient mixing equipment. In this part of the paper, the use of V-grooves in the inner cylinder of a concentric cylinder mixer is examined. The purpose of the grooves is to induce vortex-like motions in the fluids in order to overcome the negative effects of interface orientation on mixing performance. Results show that the grooves are efficacious in increasing the effectiveness of the mixer. Descriptions of the experimental and analytical work done to characterize the design and to prove its efficacy are presented in detail. Scale-up parameters are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161003
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow-induced crystallization of polypropylene in stretched ribbons (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ribbons of molten polypropylene have been extruded into a thermostatted chamber and subjected to elongations ranging as high as 4400-fold. Some of these ribbons have been shown to possess the unusual ability of recovering nearly all of the strain from large levels of stretch (≤100 percent). This property, as well as the magnitude of the tensile yield drop, has been found to be directly proportional to the uniaxial character of the flow present at the moment of crystallization. The structure in the final solid films has been characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction and crystal orientation distribution. Both of these factors have been found to be proportional to the character of flow at the moment of crystallization. Finally, the temperature in the thermostatted chamber has been shown to affect the character of the flow.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160316
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some new aspects of the crystallization of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 276-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper concerns the action of plasticizers and nucleating agents on the crystallization of bisphenol-A polycarbonate. The influence of plasticizers is to increase the rate of crystallization to a great extent using 10 percent of a plasticizer such as trimellitic acid, tridecyloctyl ester. The influence of nucleating substances on plasticized and undiluted polycarbonate is investigated. A large number of substances have been found capable of nucleating polycarbonate crystallization. The un-plasticized semi-crystalline polycarbonate is characterized by a much higher melting point (300°C) than the plasticized semi-crystalline systems (210-245°C). The stability of bisphenol-A polycarbonate in the presence of nucleating salts is also examined. We observe a substantial decrease in the molecular weight in the presence of a great number of nucleating substances. The modulus-temperature curves of two semi-crystalline polymers are reported in the last series of experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of an instrumented projectile impact test: Data glass-reinforced and impact-modified polypropylene (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Characteristics of several impact test methods in current use are discussed. The construction, operation and performance of an instrumented plate-projectile (IFF) impact tester is described. Force-strain curves, energies to any point in the test and failure modes may be inferred from the test data. Also, by inspection of the tested plate, one can see if there are cracks, blanching (development of microvoids) or ductile deformation. This inspection distinguishes between local and catastrophic failure - an important distinction in selection of materials for specific uses. There is reasonable correlation between values from notched Izod and IPP tests, with the latter somewhat more sensitive. Data illustrate the distinction between good and poor fiber-to-matrix coupling in reinforced polypropylene. Although there is some sacrifice of impact strength with improved fiber-matrix coupling, this is more than counteracted by the improvement in static strength and creep resistance. The data show that coupled glass-reinforced impact grade polypropylene exhibits an interesting balance of static to impact properties.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760160607
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrostatic powder mixingPortions of this paper were presented November 6, 1975 at a symposium sponsored by the MIT-Industry Polymer Processing Program. An abbreviated version of this paper was presented at the 1976 Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Inc. (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 657-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A device has been developed which uses electrostatic forces to mix powders. This mixer has no moving parts, and the mixture it produces approaches a perfect mixture whereas mechanical devices can at best produce a random mixture. The device is described, as are experiments which exhibit its operation. Also included are a mathematical model describing the behavior of the device, suggestions for scale-up procedures, and h discussion of some closely related concepts of mixing.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161002
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