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  • Chemistry  (307)
  • Chemical Engineering  (48)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (24)
  • Molecular Cell Biology  (22)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (353)
  • 1975-1979  (353)
  • 1976  (353)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (353)
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  • 1975-1979  (353)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 1335-1335 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 8 (1976), S. 354-356 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: 77Se n.m.r. spectra of twenty-six organoselenium compounds, including some with an endocyclic selenium atom, have been recorded. Our measurements complete the scale of chemical shifts previously established by McFarlane. It seems difficult to define a range of chemical shifts which is characteristic of the valency state of selenium or of its endo- or exocyclic position. Some results are discussed qualitatively. In the case of selenolo[2,3-b]thiophene, evidence has been obtained for a 4J[Se, H] coupling across the sulphur atom.
    Notes: La résonance magnétique du 77Se a été observée dans vingt-six composés organiques dont certains contiennent un atome de sélénium endocyclique. Nous avons pu ainsi compléter l'échelle de déplacements chimiques établie par McFarlane. II apparaît difficile de définir une gamme de déplacement chimique du 77Se caractéristique de son état de valence ou de sa position endo- ou exocyclique. Certains résultats sont discutés qualitativement. Dans le cas du sélénolo [2,3-b]thiophène, des arguments en faveur d'un couplage 4J(Se, H) à travers l'atome de soufre ont été découverts.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 1 (1976), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The chemical mechanisms for the action of flame retardants are often mentioned in the literature but the physical modes of action are seldom. Discussed. This article presents one way to quantify their efficiency. The technique is based on literature data for the physical and thermal properties of flams retardants for temperatures from 25°C up to 1000°C. The prolongation of the time to ignition by heat absorption by the retardant and the amount of inert gas evolved by the retardant are calculated at a given radiation for a material flame-proofed with a given amount of the flame retardant. The ability to form an insulating surface layer is considered but not quantified. It is assumed that a medium density wood fibre building boards is treated with 2 kg of flame retardant per m2. The flame retardants included are borates, boric acid, phosphates and silicates. The board is assumed to be irradiated with an intensity of 15 k W m-2. Under these conditions an untreated board ignites after 6-7 min. The time to ignition is prolonged by 1-5 min through heat absorption by the different retardants, and the amount of inert gases evolved may be as high as 2.6 m3 per m2 board. The formation of an insulating surface layer is more difficult to quantify. The results confirm the importance of the physical modes of action of flame retardants and the technique could form the basis for evaluating materials in simulated fire situations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 809-812 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Currently there is widespread use of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular components in total joint replacement prostheses. What has been most surprising about the wear of UHMWPE under such circumstances is the occurrence of brittle fracture. Such fracture had not been observed in the usual engineering tests done in the laboratory on UHMWPE. It was only when prosthese which had been removed from patients were examined or run in hip joint simulators with serum or synovial fluid as the lubricant, that brittle fracture was encountered. The problem of environment-enhanced brittle fracture in plastics dates back to 1946. Interestingly, the phenomenon was first described in polyethylene. The prime variables involved are polymer molecular weight, sensitizing environment, stress filed, and temperature. Other things being equal, brittle behavior in polyethylene is extremely sensitive to the amount of low molecular weight polymer present. In the light of the foregoing we have studied the molecular weight distribution in six commercially available UHMWPE components. These were obtained from six different manufacturers. The specimens were characterized both on their bearing (wear) surfaces and in their interior bulk. The results obtained indicate that: 1The UHMWPE components contain substantial amounts of low molecular weight polymer.2The UHMWPE components differ significantly in molecular weight distribution.3The UHMWPE components contain substantial amounts of crosslinked polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 473-492 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The relationships between the specific rate of nutrient consumption and biomass growth and between the specific rate of penicillin production and oxygen concentration in the broth are analyzed.The functional dependencies which have been obtained from the experimental data of industrial fermenters are used with the mass balances to develop a model of the behavior of semicontinuous operations. The proposed model allows one to study the influence of some operational parameters.The obtained results agree with the data of industrial processes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 493-512 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The role of fundamental parameters in the conduction of penicillin semicontinuous fermentations is analyzed. Biomass concentration, penicillin production, and main nutrient consumption are particularly studied. Furthermore, the conduction of the operation is simulated with regard to conditions of constant specific rate of growth and of constant oxygen concentration in the broth. An intermediate condition is also considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibitors of corrosion 19 (1). Autoxidation studies on Fe2+-trimethylene-1,3-bisphosphonate as a model of a corrosion inhibiting surface layerThe autoxidation rate of Fe2+ salts depends on the pH value and is practically equal to zero at pH 2 and very high at pH 5-7. Addition of trimethylene-1,3-bis-phosphonic acid slows down autoxidation and gives rise to an increase in oxygen consumption; this resulting consumption is higher than might be explained by the stoichiometry of the Fe2+ oxidation. This fact may be explained by the oxidative conversion of trimethylene-1,3-bis-phosphonic acid to phosphoric acid with salts of trivalent iron being precipitated. These Fe3+-bis-phosphonates are precipitated in a tridimensional network; the Fe:P ratio is between 0.5 and 0.9 and the Fe:P ratio is between 0.5 and 0.9 and decreases as the pH of the system is decreased.
    Notes: Die Autoxidationsgeschwindigkeit der Fe2+. Salze ist stark abhängig vom pH und ist bei pH 2 praktisch gleich Null, bei pH 5-7 sehr hoch. Durch Zusatz von Trimethylen-1,3-bis-phosphonsäure wird die Autoxidation etwas verlangsamt und der Sauerstoffverbrauch stärker erhöht als es der Stöchiometrie der Fe2+-Oxidation entspricht. Dieser Umstand erklärt sich durch den oxidativen Abbau der Trimethylen-1,3-bis-phosphonsäure zu Phosphorsäure, wobei Salze des dreiwertigen Eisens als Niederschlag ausfallen. Diese Fe3+-bis-phosphonate sind dreidimensional vernetzt; das Fe:P-Verhältnis liegt zwischen 0.5 und 0.9 und wird mit abnehmendem pH-Wert geringer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 289-297 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A flash photomicrographic method and modified dye-light transmittance technique are employed to measure size distributions and mixing frequencies in a turbulently agitated flow vessel. This liquid-liquid dispersion is nearly spatially homogenous. Mixing frequencies are strongly dependent on impeller speed and moderately dependent on holdup fraction.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 744-750 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Random search procedures have recently been successfully applied to the optimization of a variety of chemical engineering problems, including optimization of chemical processes by flow sheet simulation. These procedures represent the independent variables as random variables described by probability distributions. The adaptive random search procedure centers the distribution for each variable about the best search point found and examines this region for a better point. Thus, this technique has the ability of continuously moving the search region toward the optimum, which is particularly advantageous in following constraints.This study examines the efficiency of the adaptive random search technique as applied to six different problems, which have been previously solved by various other techniques.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 851-855 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bench scale packed columns were used to study the kinetic behavior of biological denitrification. After tracer studies were run to determine flow characteristics, steady state nitrate profiles were determined. A first-order rate expression with an Arrhenius temperature dependence is an adequate model of the reaction for nitrate-nitrogen concentrations of 〈 100 mg/l and temperature of 5° to 20°C. The rate constants are proportional to the packing surface area.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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