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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • population models
  • 2020-2023
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984
  • 1975-1979  (28)
  • 1970-1974
  • 1976  (28)
  • 1
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    Determination of statistics for any rotation of axes of a bivariate normal elliptical distribution (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Transformation of statistics from a dimensional set to another dimensional set involves linear functions of the original set of statistics. Similarly, linear functions will transform statistics within a dimensional set such that the new statistics are relevant to a new set of coordinate axes. A restricted case of the latter is the rotation of axes in a coordinate system involving any two correlated random variables. A special case is the transformation for horizontal wind distributions. Wind statistics are usually provided in terms of wind speed and direction (measured clockwise from north) or in east-west and north-south components. A direct application of this technique allows the determination of appropriate wind statistics parallel and normal to any preselected flight path of a space vehicle. Among the constraints for launching space vehicles are critical values selected from the distribution of the expected winds parallel to and normal to the flight path. These procedures are applied to space vehicle launches at Cape Kennedy, Florida.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 15; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor and liquid water with the Nimbus 5 microwave spectrometer (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Nimbus 5 satellite is provided with a passive microwave spectrometer (NEMS) incorporating channels at 22.235 and 31.4 GHz to measure atmospheric water vapor and liquid water over ocean. The discussion covers principles of atmospheric water determination, accuracy of measurements, observations of specific storms and fronts, and observations of water vapor and liquid water on a global scale. The NEMS experiment has demonstrated the ability of a two-channel microwave spectrometer to determine integrated abundances of water vapor and liquid water with estimated rms accuracies of 0.2 and 0.01 g per sq cm, respectively. The data can be used to plot global maps or accumulate global statistics.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 15; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Total attenuation measurements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone by satellite altimeter (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The 13.9-GHz radar altimeter operating aboard Skylab detected incidences of intense attenuation during a passage over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The signal returned to the instrument from the surface was reduced by 4.5 and 6 dB over two distinct meteorological disturbances near 8 deg N, 27.5 deg W. Although it is impossible to deduce the vertical composition of the ITCZ cloud band from these data, the usefulness of the radar altimeter as a meteorological sensor of total atmospheric attenuation is demonstrated.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 57
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Stratospheric areal distribution of water vapor burden and the jet stream (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Radiometrically inferred areal observations of the atmospheric water vapor burden have been made in the 270 to 520 per cm spectral band over western U.S. and the extreme eastern Pacific from the NASA C-141 Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Before this, very few observations from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over such a broad area have been made. A total of 30,600 individual observations from eight separate synoptic situations involving eight jet maxima were computer-averaged over 2-deg latitude x 2-deg longitude boxes and related to the polar continental jet. Mean water vapor burdens ranged from 0.00046 to 0.00143 g per sq cm at 13.4 km with a striking peak just north of the jet wind maximum over a region of strong upward vertical motion.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 3; Sept
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Upper tropospheric dynamics as reflected in Nimbus 4 THIR 6.7-micron data (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: An investigation was conducted of the spatial and temporal relationships existing between the radiometrically observed water vapor patterns in cloud free areas and the conventionally derived water vapor patterns. The upper and middle tropospheric water vapor budget and the associated dynamics were examined to obtain a basis for a more definite evaluation of the significance of the Nimbus 4 radiometric 6.7-micrometer observations for the study of tropospheric dynamics in cloud free areas. A large-amplitude trough situated to the lee of the Rocky Mountains over the central U.S. between April 30 and May 1, 1970, was selected for the investigation because it best illustrated large upper tropospheric dynamic variations.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Nov. 20
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Meteorological interpretations of the images from the Nimbus 5 electrically scanned microwave radiometer (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Nimbus 5 Electrically Scanned Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) is useful in determining the extent, structure, and intensity of rainfall over oceans. It is possible on the basis of rainfall maps to determine the location of frontal rain, rain/snow boundaries, and the structure of tropical storms. ESMR data on rainfall over the east coast of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico, on snowfall over the northeast coast of the United States, on frontal zones in the northwestern Pacific and on the tropical storm Leila in the South Indian Ocean are examined. Because of the generally high emissivities of land surfaces, interpretation of meteorological parameters over land is not yet possible.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 15; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    A comparison of low-cloud satellite wind estimates with analyses based on aircraft observations in a disturbed tropical regime (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Low-level, ATS-3 satellite wind estimates are compared with values of wind direction and speed interpolated from analyses based on research aircraft observations of a synoptic tropical wave of moderate intensity on 26 July 1969 during BOMEX. The data were stratified according to whether a satellite estimate was positioned in one of three regions; namely, east or west of the wave trough or north of the disturbance center. When cloud and analysis vector magnitude deviations were computed, regional differences became apparent. These differences are attributed to the physical behavior of the cloud targets tracked under the influence of the surrounding large-scale environment.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review; 104; June 197
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    The numerical prediction of tornadic windstorms (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Rather than treating localized severe weather events as being purely statistical in nature, a mathematical framework was developed based on the concept of a deterministic cascade of energy-momentum which bridges the gap between the longest and shortest of atmospheric wave phenomena. This cascade relieves macroscale wavelengths ( 1000 km) of mass-momentum imbalances by exciting convective phenomena ( 10 km) through a sophisticated transfer process involving intermediate, mesoscale wavelengths.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 3; p 1153-1165
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Conceptual design of an airborne laser Doppler velocimeter system for studying wind fields associated with severe local storms (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An airborne laser Doppler velocimeter was evaluated for diagnostics of the wind field associated with an isolated severe thunderstorm. Two scanning configurations were identified, one a long-range (out to 10-20 km) roughly horizontal plane mode intended to allow probing of the velocity field around the storm at the higher altitudes (4-10 km). The other is a shorter range (out to 1-3 km) mode in which a vertical or horizontal plane is scanned for velocity (and possibly turbulence), and is intended for diagnostics of the lower altitude region below the storm and in the out-flow region. It was concluded that aircraft flight velocities are high enough and severe storm lifetimes are long enough that a single airborne Doppler system, operating at a range of less than about 20 km, can view the storm area from two or more different aspects before the storm characteristics change appreciably.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-149933 , PD-B-76-118
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Study of the relationship between solar activity and terrestrial weather (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Evidence for some connection between weather and solar related phenomena is presented. Historical data of world wide temperature variations with relationship to change in solar luminosity are examined. Several test methods for estimating the statistical significance of such phenomena are discussed in detail.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-CR-148541 , SU-IPR-671
    Format: application/pdf
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