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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-9333
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An experimentell mit Capillaria hepatica infizierten Mastomys natalensis wurden Studien über die Entwicklung und Eiproduktion sowie Untersuchungen zu den makroskopisch erkennbaren Leber- und Milzveränderungen durchgeführt. Nach oraler Verabreichung infektiöser Eier schlüpften die Larven I im Caecum nüchterner und gefütterter Tiere ca. 8 bzw. 15 Std p.i. Nach 60 Std konnten Larven in der Leber nachgewiesen werden. Die Präpatenz dauerte in der Regel 20 Tage. Die Dynamik und die Dauer der Eiproduktion der Parasiten waren abhängig von der Infektionsdosis. Nach der ersten Patenzwoche wurden mit zunehmender Infektionsdosis bis zu einer Dosis von 800 Eiern/Tier zunehmende Eimengen/Leber nachgewiesen. 76 Tage p.i. zeigte sich keine Dosisabhängigkeit mehr. Nach der einmaligen Infektion mit 50, 300 und 800 infektionstüchtigen Eiern pro Tier wurde eine maximale Eiproduktion zwischen 60 und 72, 36 und 48 Tagen bzw. etwa 30 Tage p.i. festgestellt. Entsprechend hielt bei den infizierten Tieren die Eiproduktion auch noch 85 Tage nach der Infektion an bzw. sistierte nach 72 und 48 Tagen p.i. Intraperitoneale Infektionen führten, gemessen an der Anzahl Eier/Leber im Vergleich zur oralen Infektion zu geringeren Ansitzraten. In der ersten Patenzwoche wurde die Eiproduktion von Capillaria hepatica weder vom Alter noch vom Geschlecht der Mastomys beeinflußt. 76 Tage p.i. ließen sich nach Infektionen mit 300 Eiern/Tier mit zunehmendem Alter der Versuchstiere zum Infektionszeitpunkt bis zu einem Alter von 15 Wochen zunehmende Eimengen isolieren, wobei bei den männlichen Tieren mehr Eier als bei den Weibchen nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die durchschnittliche Anzahl Eier/g Leber betrug 76 Tage p.i. ca. 5×106, ohne daß eine Abhängigkeit vom Alter und Geschlecht der Versuchstiere oder von der Infektionsdosis erkennbar war. In der Leber auftretende Nekroseherde konfluierten bei schweren Infektionen bereits in der Präpatenz. Ihre Zahl war nur bei Infektionsdosen von weniger als 100 Eiern/Tier und in der ersten Patenzwoche als Parameter für die Ansitzrate geeignet. Im Verlauf der Infektion kam es zur Zunahme der relativen Leber- und Milzgewichte um den 10. Tag p.i. und mit Beginn der Patenz. Bei mittleren und schweren Infektionen wurden ca. 50 Tage nach der Infektion Maximalwerte erreicht. Die Veränderungen waren im Ausmaß dosisabhängig und zu den einzelnen Sektionszeitpunkten mit der Anzahl abgelegter Eier korreliert.
    Notes: Summary Studies on the development and egg production of Capillaria hepatica and on the macroscopically visible alterations of the liver and spleen of the host were carried out in experimentally infected Mastomys natalensis. Following the oral administration of infective eggs the first stage larvae hatched in the caecum of fasting and fed animals after about 8 and 15 hours respectively. The prepatency could be found with 20 days. The dynamics and duration of egg production of the parasite proved to be dependent on the infective dose. After the first week of patency increasing numbers of eggs/liver were found with increasing doses of infection up to 800 eggs per animal. This relation could not be observed 76 days post infection. After infections with 50, 300 und 800 eggs per animal maximum egg production was found between 60 and 72, 36 and 48 and about 30 days p.i., respectively. The egg production of the parasites correspondently continued for more than 85 days after infection or had ceased 72 or 48 days p.i. Intraperitoneal administration of infective eggs revealed a lower infection rate, evaluated by the number of eggs per liver, than oral infection. In the first week of patency the egg production did not show any influence of the age or the sex of the host. Until 15 weeks of age of the host, oral infections with 300 infective eggs per animal revealed 76 days after infection increasing numbers of eggs per liver with the increase of age, at which male animals contained more eggs than females. The mean number of eggs per gm liver 76 days after infection came up to 5×106 without any relation to the infective dose. Foci of necrosis in the liver already confluenced after heavy infections within the prepatent period. Therefore, the number of necroses was found to be a suitable parameter of the infection rate only after the administration of less than 100 eggs per animal and during the first week of patency. In the course of infection an increase of weights of liver and spleen could be observed about 10 days p.i., and with beginning of egg deposition. In moderate and heavy infections maximum values were found about 50 days after infection. The degree of these alterations was dose dependent and correlated with the number of eggs/liver, found at this time.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1976-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0040-5779
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-9333
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-04-24
    Description: Abstract One known method to reduce vortex shedding from the tip of a blade is the use of end plates or winglets. Although the aerodynamic impact of such end plates has been investigated in the past, no studies exist on the effect of such end plates on the far-field noise. The aeroacoustic noise reduction of three different end-plate geometries is experimentally investigated. The end plates are applied to the free end of a wall-mounted symmetric NACA 0012 airfoil and a cambered NACA 4412 airfoil with an aspect ratio of 2 and natural boundary layer transition. Microphone array measurements are taken in the aeroacoustic open-jet wind tunnel at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg for chord-based Reynolds numbers between 75,000 and 225,000 and angles of attack from 0$$^circ$$ ∘ to 30$$^circ$$ ∘ . The obtained acoustic spectra show a broad frequency hump for the airfoil base configurations at higher angles of attack that is attributed to tip noise. Hot-wire measurements taken for one configuration show that the application of an end plate diffuses the vorticity at the tip. The aeroacoustic noise contribution of the tip can be reduced when the endplates are applied. This reduction is most effective for higher angles of attack, when the tip vortex is the dominant sound source. Graphic abstract
    Print ISSN: 0723-4864
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1114
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-06-18
    Description: In order to detect the misuse of testosterone (T), urinary steroid concentrations and concentration ratios are quantified and monitored in a longitudinal manner to enable the identification of samples exhibiting atypical test results. These suspicious samples are then forwarded to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)–based methods for confirmation. Especially concentration ratios like T over epitestosterone (E) or 5α-androstanediol over E proved to be valuable markers. Unfortunately, depending on the UGT2B17 genotype and/or the gender of the athlete, these markers may fail to provide evidence for T administrations when focusing exclusively on urine samples. In recent years, the potential of plasma steroids has been investigated and were found to be suitable to detect T administrations especially in female volunteers. A current drawback of this approach is the missing possibility to confirm that elevated steroid concentrations are solely derived from an administration of T and cannot be attributed to confounding factors. Therefore, an IRMS method for plasma steroids was developed and validated taking into account the comparably limited sample volume. As endogenous reference compounds, unconjugated cholesterol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were found suitable, while androsterone and epiandrosterone (both sulfo-conjugated) were chosen as target analytes. The developed method is based on multi-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to IRMS in order to optimize the overall assay sensitivity. The approach was validated, and a reference population encompassing n = 65 males and females was investigated to calculate population-based thresholds. As proof-of-concept, samples from volunteers receiving T replacement therapies and excretion study samples were investigated. Graphical abstract
    Print ISSN: 1618-2642
    Electronic ISSN: 1618-2650
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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