ALBERT

Notes: This paper challenges Lewellen and Long's contention that a Hertz-type simulation generates irrelevant data for the evaluation of capital expenditure opportunities. The conclusion is reached that an estimate of an asset's “own risk” may be a vital first step in estimating its covariance properties with the market index. A method of incorporating the information generated by simulation into the capital asset pricing model is also provided.

Notes: Sequences of laminated limestones found within thin Carboniferous carbonate strata of northeastern Kentucky were studied to determine their origin and palaeo-environmental significance. These laminated zones are strikingly similar to Holocene and Pleistocene surficial calcareous crusts (caliche) profiles that occur in various parts of the world.Carboniferous laminated carbonates are associated with shallow marine carbonate units, palaeokarst, and overlying palaeosol zones. A typical laminated profile ranges in thickness from 1 to 2 m and contains brecciated, light olive-grey to brown micrite that lacks distinctive bedding. Structures and textures common in most profiles include: (1) calcareous and silicious laminae (laminae form diffuse, alternating light and dark bands that generally parallel bedding but often fill fractures and vugs within the rocks); (2) particles (allochems, and micrite and microspar fragments) coated by brown microcrystalline calcite; (3) brecciated texture; (4) circular to elliptical fossil moulds (occur in sinuous patterns and fill fractures within the rocks); (5) large and small scale fracture patterns.Subaerial weathering and vadose diagenesis of carbonate mud banks or islands is suggested as a mechanism for the formation of these Carboniferous calcareous crust profiles. These ‘crusts’ formed by a combination of solution (karsting), brecciation, and soil development that transformed an exposed marine biomicrite (‘host’ rock) into a porous subsoil rubble. Laminated ‘crusts’ and coated particles developed as the result of dissolution and reprecipitation of CaCO3 and SiO3 from the soil and carbonate bedrock.Carboniferous laminated carbonates in northeastern Kentucky are often referred to as ‘algal limestones’ because of their superficial similarity to some modern and ancient algal structures. This study, however, reveals numerous characteristics that can only be explained by diagenesis in a subaerial environment.

Notes: Segments (2·5 cm long) taken from the third leaf of young barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Arena sativa L.) plants growing at low nitrogen levels were found to be more susceptible to a 0·01 ml droplet of paraquat solution placed on the adaxial surface, than segments taken from leaves of plants grown at higher nitrogen levels. Similar relative differences in susceptibility were found between leaf segments infiltrated with paraquat.Tolerance of leaf segments to paraquat increased as the leaves expanded but there was no significant increase in tolerance with increasing age after expansion was complete.The influence of nitrogen on the structure and physiology of leaves is discussed and the results are compared with earlier experiments where whole plants sprayed with paraquat were found to be less susceptible when grown at the low nitrogen level.Influence de l'azote sur la sensibilité des fragments de feuilles de céréles au paraquatDes fragments de 2,5 cm de long prélevés sur la troisième feuille de jeunes plantes d'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.) et d'avoine(Avena sativa L.) cultivées à de faibles niveaux d'azote ont été plus sensibles à une gouttelette de 0,01 ml d'une solution de paraquat, placée sur la surface adaxiale, que des fragments prélevés sur des feuillcs de plantes cultivées k des niveaux d'azote plus élcvés. Des différences relatives analogues dans la sensibility ont été constantées entre des fragments de feuilles infiltrés uvec du paraquat.La résistance dc fragments de feuilles au paraquat s'accrut lorsque les feuilles se développèrent mais il n'y eut pas d'accroissement significatif de la résistance avec l'accroissement de l'age. après que l'expansion füt complète.L'influence de l'azote sur la structure et la physiologic des feuilles est discutée et les résultats sont comparés avec des expériences antérieures dans lesquelles des plantes traitées entièrement avec du puniquat se montrèrent moins sensibles lorsqu'elles étaient cultivées à un faible niveau d'aZOtte. Der Einflu β der Sticksloffversorgung auf die Empfindlichkeit von Getreideblattabschnitten gegen Paraquat Es wurde gefunden, da β 2·5 cm lange Abschnitte vom dritten Blatt junger Gersten- (Hordeum vulgare L.) und Haferpflanzen (Avena saliva L.). die bei niedrigem Stickstoffniveau aufwuchsen, gegen einen auf die adaxiale Oberfläche aufgebrachten kleinen Tropfen (0·01 ml) einer Paraquallösung empfindlicher waren ah Abschnitte von Blättern solcher Pflanzen, die bei höheren Stickstoffgehalten aufgewachsen waren. Im Verhältnis zucinander ähnliche Unterschiede in der Empfindlichkeit wurden zwischen Blattabschnitten gefunden, die mit Paraquat infiltriert waren.Die Toleranzder Blattabschnitte gegenüber Paraquat nahm mil dem Wachstum der Blatter zu; nach abgeschlossenem Wachstun war mit zunehmendem Alter jedoch eine signifikante Zunahme der Toleranz nicht zu Verzeichnen.Es wird der Einflu β von Stickstoff auf die Struktur und Physiologie von Blättern besprochen; die Ergebnisse werden mit früheren Ergebnissen verglichen, bei denen sich gezeigt hatte, da β mit Paraquat gespritzte ganze Pflanzen weniger empfindlich waren, wenn sie bei niedrigem Stickstoffniveau gewachsen waren.

Notes: A 35 mm Robot Royal camera and an electronic flash unit were used at 20–40 m depth in an attempt to identify fish shown on echo-sounder traces. No photographs were obtained. An 8 mm Eumig automatic electric-drive cine camera system was used with daylight at 2–8 m depth to test if the equipment served as a deterrent to the fish. Fish were filmed and their behaviour was unaffected by the presence of the equipment. A simple closed-circuit television system was used with daylight at 0–3 m depth. Low contrast, inherent in the particular equipment, prevented its use at greater depths. Meaningful observations of perch were possible. The use of television camera tubes sensitive to extremely low levels of daylight, and of infra-red sensitive tubes with an infra-red light source is briefly discussed. It is concluded that such systems might help to identify problems of netting technique and assist with observations of fish behaviour.