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  • Articles
  • Other Sources  (135)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (135)
  • Female
  • 2010-2014
  • 1975-1979  (135)
  • 1975  (135)
  • 1
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    Video Guidance, Landing, and Imaging system (VGLIS) for space missions (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The feasibility of an autonomous video guidance system that is capable of observing a planetary surface during terminal descent and selecting the most acceptable landing site was demonstrated. The system was breadboarded and "flown" on a physical simulator consisting of a control panel and monitor, a dynamic simulator, and a PDP-9 computer. The breadboard VGLIS consisted of an image dissector camera and the appropriate processing logic. Results are reported.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-132574
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A determination of the composition of the Venus clouds from aircraft observations in the near infrared (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Summary of the evidence showing that the first optical depth of the Venus cloud layer is composed of a water solution of sulfuric acid, including earlier aircraft observations of Venus' reflectivity in the region from 1 to 4 microns obtained at a phase angle of 120 deg. Analyses of these aircraft results indicated that of all the proposed cloud candidates only a sulfuric acid solution with a concentration of 75% or more H2SO4 by weight was consistent with the observed 3-micron cloud feature. Aircraft observations of Venus are presented which were obtained in the same spectral region at a phase angle of 40 deg and in the region from 3 to 6 microns at a phase angle of 136 deg. Comparing the two sets of observations in the region from 1 to 4 microns, a striking phase effect is found: the reflectivity is much lower in the 3-micron region and there is a much more marked decline between 1.3 and 2.5 microns for the data obtained at the smaller phase angle. The observations made at the 40-deg phase angle are consistent with the theoretical behavior of a sulfuric acid cloud and imply that the sulfuric acid is present to at least many tens of optical depth below the cloud tops. Arguments concerning the concentration of the solution are reviewed, and it is concluded that the best current estimate is about 85% H2SO4 by weight.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Cosmic ray exposure ages of features and events at the Apollo landing sites (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Cosmic-ray exposure ages of lunar samples have been used to date surface features related to impact cratering and downslope movement of material. Only when multiple samples related to a feature have the same rare-gas exposure age or when a single sample has the same Kr-81 -Kr and track-exposure age can a feature be considered as reliably dated. Based on these criteria, there are only five well-dated lunar features: Cone Crater (Apollo 14), 26 m.y,; North Ray Crater (Apollo 16), 50 m.y.; South Ray Crater (Apollo 16), 2 m.y.; the emplacement of the Station 6 boulders (Apollo 17), 22 m.y.; and the emplacement of the Station 7 boulder (Apollo 17), 28 m.y. Other features are tentatively dated or have limits set on their ages: Bench Crater (Apollo 12), upper limit of 99 m.y.; Baby Ray Crater (Apollo 16), upper limit of 2 m.y.; Shorty Crater (Apollo 17), approximately 30 m.y.; Camelot Crater (Apollo 17) upper limit of 140 m.y.; the emplacement of the Station 2 boulder 1 (Apollo 17), 45 to 55 m.y.; and the slide which generated the light mantle (Apollo 17), lower limit of 50 m.y.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 4
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    Horizontal transport of the regolith, modification of features, and erosion rates on the lunar surface (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Impact-ejecta systematics are developed for the smaller cratering events which, with cumulative crater populations observed in young mare regions and on Copernicus ejecta fields, yield rates and a range distribution for the horizontal transport of material by impact processes. The deposition rate for material originating more than 1 m away is found to be about 8 mm per million years. Material from 10 km away accumulates at a rate of about 0.08 mm per million years, providing a steady influx of foreign material. From the degradation of boulder tracks, a rate of 5 plus or minus 3 cm per million years is computed for the filling of shallow lunar depressions on slopes. Mass wastage and downslope movement of bedrock outcroppings on Hadley Rille seem to be proceeding at a rate of about 8 mm per million years. The Camelot profile is suggestive of a secondary impact feature.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 5
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    The Neel transition and magnetic properties of terrestrial, synthetic, and lunar ilmenites (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 26; 3, Ju; July 197
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  • 6
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    A numerical circulation model with topography for the Martian Southern Hemisphere (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A quasi-geostrophic numerical model, including friction, radiation, and the observed planetary topography, is applied to the general circulation of the Martian atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere at latitudes south of about 35 deg. Near equilibrium weather systems developed after about 5 model days. To avoid violating the quasi-geostrophic approximation, only 0.8 of the already smoothed relief was employed. Weather systems and velocity fields are strikingly tied to topography. A 2mb middle latitude jet stream is found of remarkably terrestrial aspect. Highest surface velocities, both horizontal and vertical, are predicted in western Hellas Planitia and eastern Argyre Planitia, which are observed to be preferred sites of origin of major Martian dust storms. Mean horizontal velocities and vertical velocities are found just above the surface velocity boundary layer.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-145630 , CRSR-611
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  • 7
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    Origin of lunar light plains (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: In order to determine the origin of Cayley-type lunar light plains, their physical properties, distribution, and relative ages are examined from Apollo orbital and Lunar Orbiter photographs. The distribution and apparent age of the plains deposits and data on highly feldspathic breccias indicate that these superficial materials are neither locally derived nor part of the Imbrium ejecta. The existence of a planar facies of continuous ejecta at Orientale and in the ejecta blankets of small craters is demonstrated. The data and interpretation presented support the hypothesis that the surface and near-surface materials of some light plains, including those at the Apollo 16 site, are at least partly composed of ejecta from the Orientale basin and that the materials of many rugged areas, such as the Descartes highlands, are overlain by similar material. The possibility that some Cayley-type plains may have a different origin is not excluded.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: U.S. Geological Survey; vol. 3
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  • 8
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    The petrogenesis of 77115 and its xenocrysts - Description and preliminary interpretation (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: 77115, a fragment-laden feldspathic pigeonite basalt, is one of four hand specimen-size samples collected from a boulder about 2.5 m across at Station 7, Taurus-Littrow. 77115 crystallized rapidly from a melt at or near the lunar surface and contains a population of xenoliths and xenocrysts which must have come from two or more separate sources. Broad reaction rims present in many of the xenocrysts suggest that cooling of the melt may have been very slow initially and rapid in the latter stage to produce the very fine-grained matrix. If the requirement for two cooling rates can be established, this will favor an endogenous igneous origin rather than an impact origin for the melt. Another interpretation is that the matrix crystallized first, followed by subsolidus reaction between xenocrysts and matrix to form the rims. The Apollo 17 feldspathic pigeonite basalts are postulated to be the dominant rock types of the early lunar crust.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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  • 9
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    Precision selenodesy and lunar libration through VLBI observations of ALSEPs (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Data from 500 observation series, each one representing about five hours' continuous observation of a pair of ALSEPs by differential very long baseline interferometers (VLBI) have been compiled on magnetic tape. The theoretical models used to calculate the rotation of the earth, the orbit of the moon, the libration of the moon, and the basic VLBI observable were improved substantially. Analysis of data from long spans of VLBI observations was begun.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-142014
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  • 10
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    A geochemical and petrographic study of 1-2-mm fines from Apollo 17 (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Samples of fines less than 1-mm and 155 1-2 mm particles from several Apollo 17 sites were analyzed for Na, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Hf, Ta, Th, and REE. Products of comminution and construction are present in the 1-2 mm particles, and the compositions of the rock fragments clearly indicate the general chemical characteristics of their parent rock types. The likely sources of materials for the glassy particles are considered. Glasses are enriched over their parent soils in Fe, Sc, Mn, and Cr, and are relatively enriched in light REE, so that some chemical fractionation accompanies glass-forming processes. Elements were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 17, 1975 - Mar 21, 1975; Houston, TX
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