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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (203)
  • 1975-1979  (203)
  • 1978  (84)
  • 1975  (119)
  • 11
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    CAMAC and NIM systems in the space program (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The CAMAC and NIM instrumentation systems were developed originally to serve the needs of nuclear research institutions in Europe and North America. CAMAC and NIM are currently considered in several studies at the systems level conducted by NASA and ESRO groups. NIM and CAMAC studies for applications related to the space shuttle are discussed along with the advantages provided by aspects of modularization and standardization, a use of NIM and CAMAC equipment in connection with a group of astrophysics experiments, and questions of cost effectiveness.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
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    Capabilities of germanium detectors (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The gamma ray detection efficiency and energy resolution of germanium detectors is reviewed. A general sensitivity equation for gamma-ray detectors is presented and calculated sensitvity curves are shown for a large volume balloon-borne spectrometer using germanium detectors. Improvement anticipated from a planned satellite experiment using germanium detectors is discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Gamma Ray Spectry. in Astrophys.; p 450-461
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  • 13
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    Infra-red measurements of stratospheric composition. I - The balloon instrument and water vapour measurements (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The design and construction of a balloon-borne instrument for remote-sensing of stratospheric composition is described. Thermal emission from the constituents is detected and the spectral selectivity of the instrument is tailored to a specific gas by the use of a cell of the same gas in the optical path of the radiometer. The pressure of the gas in the cell is cycled and the resultant transmission function is shown to be highly selective to radiation from the same gas in the atmosphere. The first flight of the instrument and the retrieval of a water vapour profile in the range 15-40 km is described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
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    Detected noise levels guide radiometer design (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A survey of component demands and design techniques for radiometers is presented. The design of a typical radiometer is traced from the antenna through the video and data-collection stages. Key design equations are given. An example is considered that shows how IF amplifier gain must be chosen to mask video noise. The influence of front-end losses on back-end design is studied.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: MicroWaves; 17; Sept
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  • 15
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    An evaluation of electrochemical concentration cell sonde measurements of atmospheric ozone (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Using Dobson spectrophotometer measurements of total ozone as a comparison, an analysis of the Electrochemical Concentration Cell (ECC) ozonesonde's measurement accuracy is presented. Days of conjunctive ECC-Dobson observations (from 1970 to 1976 at Wallops Flight Center) provide a set of 123 pairs of total ozone values. Sample set statistics are generated with means and standard deviations of total ozone values and differences being noted. An in-depth study of factors such as time differences between associated observations, integration techniques used, assumptions used in calculating residual ozone and other possible sources of errors are examined. Short-period changes in total ozone using Dobson data during the observational period are also described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology; 17; Oct. 197
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  • 16
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    An X-ray shadowgraph to locate transient high-energy celestial sources (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A new technique has been developed to locate strong, transient X-ray sources such as the recently discovered gamma ray bursts. The instrument, termed a shadowgraph, locates sources by detecting the X-ray shadow cast by a large occulting mask pattern on an imaging detector. Angular resolutions of from 2 to 10 arc minutes are obtainable while essentially full sky coverage is maintained. The optimum energy range of operation is between 20 keV and 100 keV. The high efficiency X-ray imaging detectors, which make it possible to locate bursts with intensities down to approximately 10 photons/sq cm sec, are capable of detecting single 20 keV photons with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2 mm. The detectors consist of an X-ray to optical conversion phosphor, a multistage image intensifier, and a CCD image readout.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Proc.: Symp. on Charge-Coupled Device Technol. for Sci. Imaging Appl.; p 4-13
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  • 17
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    Improved detectivity of pyroelectric detectors (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: High detectivity single-element SBN pyroelectric detectors were fabricated. The theory and technology developments related to improved detector performance were identified and formulated. Improved methods of material characterization, thinning, mounting, blackening and amplifier matching are discussed. Detectors with detectivities of 1.3 x 10 to the 9th power square root of Hz/watt at 1 Hz are reported. Factors limiting performance and recommendations for future work are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-158917
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 18
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    Dust adhesion on Viking lander camera window (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Studies of dust impingement on a duplicate Viking Lander camera window indicated the possibility of window obscuration after several days of exposure even at low dust concentration levels. As a result the following corrective measures were recommended: (1) The clearance between the housing surface and the camera post should be eliminated by using an appropriately designed plastic skirt: (2) The three horizontal ledges below the window inside the cavity act as bases for pile-up of dust that slides down the window surface; they should be replaced by a single inclined plane down which the dust will slide and fall out on the ground: (3) Adhered dust on the window surface can be removed by high pressure CO2 jets directed down against the window; the amount of CO2 gas needed for the entire mission can be carried in a 3 1/2-inch diameter sphere equipped with a remotely programable valve. These measures were incorporated in the design of the lander camera system. The continued high quality of photographs transmitted from the Viking spacecraft several months after landing attests to their effectiveness.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-78782
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  • 19
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    Magnetometer with a miniature transducer and automatic scanning (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The magnetometer is based on the time variation of the magnetic permeability in the magnetic material of its transducer; however, its operation is substantially different from the ordinary flux-gate magnetometer. The transducer uses 0.05 mm diameter plated magnetic wire and is made flat enabling it to make measurements of transverse magnetic fields as close as 0.08 mm from the surface, and it has very good spatial resolution because of its small active region of approximately 0.64 mm by 0.76 mm. The magnetometer uses an inexpensive clip-on millimeter for driving and processing the electrical signals and readout. It also utilizes an automatic scanning technique which is made possible by a specially designed transducer holding mechanism that replaces the ink pen on an X-Y recorder.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 20
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    Effects of moisture in infrared thermography of resin matrix composites (1978)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Several multiply graphite polyimide composite specimens were examined by real-time infrared thermography in order to study the effects of moisture on their thermograms. Heat was injected from one side and IR emission detected on the opposite side using AGA Thermovision System-680. No differences between the thermograms of dry and water containing specimens were detected for defect-free specimens. However, the presence of trapped water in defective specimens modified the thermographic contrast significantly. It is concluded that: (1) IR thermography can be used to detect moisture in defective composites, and (2) because of the possibility of moisture camouflaging defects, IR thermography for subsurface defect detection should be supplemented by other techniques - such as acoustical imaging and X-radiography.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-78649
    Format: application/pdf
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