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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tubular loop batch fermentor: Basic concepts (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1261-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tubular loop batch fermentor has been designed and constructed, and was found to behave in a similar manner to a conventional stirred tank reactor. It appeared that foaming could be greatly reduced as no air ever encountered the impeller. The fluid mechanics of pipe flow are considerably simpler than tank flow patterns. On this basis a design procedure for a large scale tubular fermentor was outlined, which had considerable advantages over the more complex scale-up problems of a tank fermentor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160909
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure drop and holdup in stratified gas-liquid flow (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 664-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model and an iterative procedure to calculate holdup and pressure drop in horizontal gas-liquid flow is developed. The predictions of the model agree with well over a hundred data points collected with air-water and air-glycerine solutions in 0.0254-, 0.0381-, and 0.0508-m. diameter pilot pipelines. A design procedure using the verified model is presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200406
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymers by simultaneous 60Co-irradiation of starch, acrylamide, and N,N,N-trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl sulfate (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2205-2209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180726
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium efflux from internally dialyzed squid axons: The influence of external and internal cations (1974)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 2 (1974), S. 558-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Internal dialysis techniques have been used to examine the influence of external and internal cations on Ca efflux from ATP-depleted squid axons. The main observation is that Ca efflux is promoted by external Na and inhibited by internal Na. The Na0 -dependent Ca efflux appears to be a function of [Na]03, and is also affected by the membrane potential; a 25 mV depolarization may cause as much as an e-fold decrease in Ca efflux. These data are consistent with a counter-transport exchange of 3Na+-for-1Ca2+. A Ca0-dependent Ca efflux has also been observed; it is prominent in Na sea water or Le sea water, and is markedly diminished in choline sea water. This flux is consistent with the idea of a Ca-Ca exchange diffusion process. Taken together, the Na0 - and the Ca0 -dependent Ca effluxes fit a two-site model for carrier-mediated Ca transport; one site binds two Na+ or one Ca2+, while the second site can bind either one Na+ or one Li+. The data reported here suggest that both sites must be filled on the inward journey, but that only the Ca-binding site need be occupied on the outward journey of the carrier. A mechanism of this type could derive sufficient energy from the Na and voltage gradients to maintain a [Ca2+]0/[Ca2+]i concentration ratio of about 104 in the absence of ATP. The present experiments do not, however, rule out the possible participation of a metabolically driven Ca transport mechanism in vivo.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400020505
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some symmetry considerations for the fibrinogen-fibrin assembly system (1974)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 2 (1974), S. 138-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The formation of fibrin gels involves many operations which are fundamental to other assembly schemes, including limited proteolysis, spontaneous associations, and covalent stabilization. Despite a quarter century of intensive effort by a large number of laboratories, the orientation of the fundamental units in the gel is not known, nor, for that matter, is the arrangement of the subunit chains within the parent fibrinogen molecule. In this article some symmetry considerations are discussed in light of the geometry of the starting molecules and conditions necessitated by the covalent stitching which occurs after gel formation. Only a dimeric molecule in which the twofold symmetry axis coincides with a minor axis of an elongated fibrinogen molecule satisfies all the conditions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400020208
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of vinyl acetate retarded by 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol: Kinetic and ESR studies (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol strongly retards the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by azobisisobutyronitrile. The chain transfer constant, estimated from rate data, is 0.020 ± 0.004 at 35°C and does not vary significantly with temperature. Molecular weight data lead to transfer constants of 0.023, 0.020, and 0.024 at 35, 45, and 55°C, respectively. A mean kinetic isotope effect of 9.8 ± 1.0 is observed for the phenol deuterated at the OH group, showing that the main attack of poly(vinyl acetate) radicals on the phenol involves hydrogen abstraction from this group. The activation energy for hydrogen abstraction is estimated to be 7.8 kcal/mole, and the rate constant at 50°C is 160 ± 40 1./mole-sec. The stationary concentration of 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxyl in the polymerization mixture is proportional to the phenol concentration and is independent of the initiator concentration, as shown by electron spin resonance studies. Cross termination of poly(vinyl acetate) and phenoxy radicals occurs to a greater extent than mutual termination of these radicals. The rate constant for cross termination is close to 1 × 108 1./mole-sec at 50°C; the activation energy for cross termination is 2.9 ± 1.3 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cationic starch-polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer latexesPresented at the 8th Great Lakes Regional Meeting, American Chemical Society, West Lafayette, Indiana, June 3-5, 1974. (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 2683-2692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acrylonitrile (AN) was graft-polymerized onto gelatinized cationic starch (CS) possessing diethylaminoethyl ether groups by cerium (IV) initiation to give stable latexlike copolymer dispersions. Dispersions of the latex copolymers, having up to 50% grafted polyacrylonitrile (PAN), air- and heat-dry on glass to clear, adhesive films. Sonification of up to 8% dispersions at 20 Khz reduced their viscosities from 1500-3000 cP to 15-40 cP. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that both nonsonified and sonified dispersions consist of ball-like particles measuring about 0.05-0.15 μ in diameter when dry. The films are formed by coalescence of these particles. The degree to which AN grafts onto CS at ambient temperature is related to the nitrogen content of CS, gelatinization time of CS at 95°C, sequence of AN and cerium(IV) addition, concentration of cerium (IV), concentration of AN, and severity of reaction agitation. Number-average molecular weight values of PAN were about 106 when grafting was conducted under stirring and about 5 × 105 when conducted under shaking action.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170121122
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous reactions of singlet molecular oxygen with solid polymers (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 12 (1974), S. 1505-1513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of gas-phase singlet molecular oxygen (1ΔO2) upon several solid polymers was investigated by using electron paramagnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, and chemical detection techniques. The study was performed by use of 1ΔO2 produced by microwave discharge. The application of this method to polymer studies was closely examined. The saturated-chain polymers polystyrene, polyurethane, and polyethylene were found to be inert within the experimental conditions to reaction with 1ΔO2, while the unsaturated polymers cis-polybutadiene, trans-polybutadiene, and trans-polyisoprene were found to react quite readily in an apparently surface or near-surface limited reaction to produce hydroperoxide and/or peroxide groups. The introduction by homogeneous mixing of some known metal-chelate 1ΔO2 quenchers into the polymer trans-polyisoprene appeared to significantly decrease the rate of oxidation observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.170120713
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  • 9
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    The GISS Model of the Global Atmosphere (1974)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1974-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-4928
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0469
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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