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  • Other Sources  (9)
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
  • 1974  (9)
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  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1925-1929
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A large area X-ray sky survey payload was launched from White Sands Missile Range (106 deg W 32 deg N) on 1 Nov. 1972 at 0530 hours U.T. The launch time coincided with intense geomagnetic activity (3 hour K sub p index = 8) following a solar flare. The data have been analyzed to determine possible contamination of X-ray data by large fluxes of low energy electrons that can precipitate down to low altitudes during magnetic storms. There is clear evidence in the data for low energy electrons of 10 - 50 keV contributing appreciably at about 200 km altitude in the 1 - 10 keV X-ray energy channels of the proportional counters used for the X-ray observations. The McIlwain parameters L and B for this altitude at White Sands are 1.25 and 0.46G, respectively.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the Workshop on Electron Contamination in X-ray Astronomy Expt.; 21 p
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Explorer 45 satellite performed extensive field and particle measurements in the heart of the magnetosphere during the double magnetic storm period of August 4-5, 1972. Both ground level magnetic records and the magnetic field deformations measured along the orbit by the satellite indicated the existence of only a moderate ring current. This was confirmed by the measurements of the total proton energy density less than those observed during the December 1971 and June 1972 magnetic storms. The plasmapause in the noon quadrant was eroded continuously from the onset of the first storm at the beginning of August 4 to an altitude below L = 2.07 at about 18 hours on August 5. During the orbit containing the second sudden commencement a large amount of low frequency electric and magnetic field noise was encountered throughout the entire orbit. A noteworthy observation during this orbit was the contraction of the magnetopause to distances inside the satellite at L = 5.2.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70644 , X-621-74-114
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The ionospheric modification experiment, utilizing a high-powered transmitter, provides an opportunity to study ionospheric irregularities under relatively known conditions. The irregularities were studied by means of transionospheric signals from the polar-orbiting satellite ESSA 8 transmitting at 137 MHz. These observations show that scintillations occur when the satellite to ground station geometry is such that the ray from the satellite passes through the region in the ionosphere under modification. In general, a cut across the illuminated volume is obtained; thus an active region of about 100 km in diameter is indicated. For the most part, the artificial scintillations appear to be similar to those obtained from naturally occurring irregularities, but a systematic change from 3 to 1 sec in the fluctuation period is usually observed as the satellite traverses from the northern to the southern portions of the active region. The change in period appears to be produced by a systematic change in irregularity scale size from about 4 to about 1 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Mar. 1
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Field observations and data collected by low flying aircraft were used to verify the accuracy of maps produced from the satellite data. Although areas of vegetation as small as six acres can accurately be detected, a white pine stand that was severely damaged by sulfur dioxide could not be differentiated from a healthy white pine stand because spectral differences were not large enough. When winter data were used to eliminate interference from herbaceous and deciduous vegetation, the damage was still undetectable. The analysis was able to produce a character map that accurately delineated areas of vegetative alteration due to high zinc levels accumulating in the soil. The map depicted a distinct gradient of less damage and alteration as the distance from the smelter increased. Although the satellite data will probably not be useful for detecting small acreages of damaged vegetation, it is concluded that the data may be very useful as an inventory tool to detect and delineate large vegetative areas possessing differing spectral signatures.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E75-10368 , NASA-CR-143226 , ORSER-SSEL-TR-19-74 , Ann. Meeting of the Phytopathological Soc. and the 40th Sess. of the Can. Phytopathological Soc.; Aug 11, 1974 - Aug 15, 1974; Vancouver, B. C.; Canada
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Attention is given to the nature of the inner edge of the proton ring current and its relationship to the plasmapause, the observation of the magnetopause during the large event of Aug. 4, 1972, and the observation of the electron plasma sheet at the apogee of Explorer 45. Two features in the interaction region between the inner edge of the proton ring current and the plasmapause are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Correlated interplanetary and magnetospheric observations; Seventh ESLAB Symposium; May 22, 1973 - May 25, 1973; Saulgau
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Following a large magnetic storm (17 June 1972), Explorer 45 measured the equatorial particle populations and magnetic field. Using data obtained during the symmetic recovery phase, it is shown that through a series of self-consistent calculations, the measured protons with energies from 1 to 872 keV, can account for the observed ring current magnetic effects within experimental uncertainities. This enables an upper limit to be set for the heavy ion contribution to the storm time ring current.
    Keywords: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70779 , X-626-74-305
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: AD-776039 , AFCRL-TR-74-0121 , Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Feb. 1
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Description of initial Explorer 45 substorm observations of particle distributions near the equator at altitudes from 5 to 5.5 earth radii. These initial results pertain to the evening sector and to a substorm occurring on Dec. 12, 1971. Fluxes, spectra, and energy densities are presented for 1- to 300-keV protons and 1.5- to 560-keV electrons. Arrival time dispersion effects are shown for electrons. These data are compared with the plasma cloud concepts and electric field model used by DeForest and McIlwain (1971) and McIlwain (1972) to explain particle observations at geosynchronous orbit.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Feb. 1
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  • 9
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    Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft
    In:  Physikalische Blätter, 30 (2). pp. 53-63.
    Publication Date: 2020-02-19
    Description: Um die Auswirkungen vom Menschen herrührender (anthropogener) Belastungen der Atmosphäre (Änderung der chemischen Zusammensetzung, Belastung durch Staubteilchen, Änderung der Oberflächenverdunstung, Zufuhr zusätzlicher Energie) einigermaßen überblicken zu können, ist eine gründliche Kenntnis der recht verwickelten energetischen Prozesse innerhalb der Atmosphäre sehr wichtig. Der Aufsatz behandelt die planetare Strahlungsbilanz, den Einfluß der Bewölkung, den Energieaustausch zwischen Erde und Atmosphäre sowie die eingangs aufgeführten anthropogenen Einflüsse.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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