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  • Articles  (175)
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  • 1970-1974  (175)
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  • 1970-1974  (175)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid transport through membranes prepared by grafting of polar monomers onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films. II. Some factors determining pervaporation rate and selectivity (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of some factors including temperature, pressure, film thickness, and grafting ratio on the fractionation of binary liquid mixtures has been investigated by pervaporation through poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films grafted with N-vinylpyrrolidone or 4-vinylpyridine. The purpose was to estimate the best conditions in which the pervaporation process must be carried out. It was concluded that the pervaporation rate is increased at roughly constant selectivity when the temperature of the liquid charge is higher or when the downstream vapor pressure or the film thickness are decreased. A pressure higher than 1 atmosphere above the liquid does not increase the rate. When the grafting ratio is increased, the rate shows a maximum, and for particular conditions, the selectivity becomes much higher.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface morphology of polystyrene fractured in liquids. II (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 857-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene has been fractured in tension at two temperatures in n-heptane and n-propanol and the fracture surfaces studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The test temperatures were selected such as to be approximately 20°C above and below the temperatures at which it was expected1 that a glass-to-rubber transition would occur in the solvent-penetrated craze material. It was found that features of the fracture process and also structure of the fracture surfaces were different at the two temperatures. These changes have been interpreted in terms of a Tg occurring in the craze material.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180320
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cleavage fracture of two polystyrenes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2211-2218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Suspension and bulk-polymerized commercial polystyrenes have been fractured by cleavage and the resulting surfaces examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The method of styrene polymerization was found to influence the initiation and propagation of fracture, probably owing to the differing amounts of insoluble impurities remaining in the polymer. Various new aspects of the fracture morphology are described, and measurements of craze thickness by scanning electron microscopy are compared with values calculated from optical interference fringes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180727
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid transport through membranes prepared by grafting of polar monomers onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene) films. III. Steady-state distribution in membrane during pervaporation (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 365-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Steady-state concentration and composition gradients of pervaporating liquids inside the membranes were measured using stacks of membranes. The experimental results on pure components agree well with a simple mechanism of diffusion down a chemical potential gradient in a nonporous membrane. For mixtures, concentration gradients are similar to those obtained for pure liquids, and composition distribution shows that the selection between the two species does not take place at a given interface in the membrane but is progressive along the diffusional paths through the membrane. Data are also listed to show that solubility and diffusivity enhancements occur for components which are hydrogen bonded with the basic groups of the membrance.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrinsic viscosity studies of linear polyethylene fractions in good and poor solvents (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3769-3773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070181222
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorosulfonation of poly(2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene ether) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 37 (1974), S. 161-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chlorsulfonierte Derivate von Poly(2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylenäther) mit verschiedenen Chlorgehalten wurden hergestellt. Entmethoxylierung und Chlorierung laufen bei dieser Reaktion ab, wobei es sich vermutlich um eine radikalische Reaktion handelt. Mit fortschreitender Reaktion wurden eine Abnahme des Molekulargewichts, Erniedrigung der Glastemperatur (Tg) und der thermischen Zersetzungstemperatur (Td) bei zunehmendem Chlorgehalt festgestellt.
    Notes: Chlorosulfonated derivatives of poly(2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene ether) of varying chlorine content have been synthesized. Demethoxylation and chlorination is shown to occur in the reaction which is proposed to be of free-radical type. Decrease of molecular weight, lowering of the glass transition point (Tg) and thermal degradation temperature (Td) with increasing chlorine content is indicated to take place during the progress of the reaction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1974.050370114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Azide photoresists for projection photolithography (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 491-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The spectral sensitivity of bisazide sensitized rubbers has been extended to 5000Å by the addition of p-azidocinnamylidene derivatives of cyclohexanone. The photoresists were suitable for projection exposure at 4050 and 4350 Hg lines. The photospeed of the compositions is enhanced by increasing the unsaturation of the polymer component. Speed increase could also be obtained by exposure of the films at elevated temperatures.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140705
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tensile crazing and shear banding of styrene A: Temperature and rate effects (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 282-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile yield, flow, and fracture mechanisms in styrene A (SA), a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer rubber-modified styrene A (RMSA) have been studied and characterized into two basic types: tensile crazing and shear banding. Each can be represented by a master curve and equation over ranges of temperature and deformation rates. Each exhibits distinctive activation energy and volume values. Tensile crazing predominates in unoriented SA below 70°C, and in RMSA. Shear yielding predominates in oriented SA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure generation mechanisms in the feed section of screw extruders (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The generation of pressure in the feed section of an extruder is analyzed. It is concluded that body forces must be considered since they provide the necessary conditions for pressure initiation. Solutions are given which take into account gravity forces in both vertical and horizontal screws together with centrifugal force. Some numerical results are also given which illustrate the practical importance of these effects.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140809
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant-associated color problems in vinyl foams (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 473-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Investigations of chemically-blown vinyl foam systems, based on electrical grade plasticizers, have shown that the inclusion of 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (BPA) as an antioxidant results in color formation in the finished foam. Color formation appears to be due to interactions between BPA and the azodicarbonamide blowing agent. Metal ion(s) present in vinyl stabilizer/kickers are also shown to have an effect on color hue though not on color development per se. Mechanisms for the development of quinoidal and diazo color bodies, based on the reaction of BPA and azodicarbonamide are postulated. Based on these reaction mechanisms, it is shown that it is possible to choose an antioxidant that will not interact with azodicarbonamide. A rudimentary screening procedure is described for evaluating these systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140612
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