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  • Chemistry  (598)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (121)
  • 1975-1979  (330)
  • 1970-1974  (389)
  • 1978  (330)
  • 1973  (389)
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  • 1975-1979  (330)
  • 1970-1974  (389)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0049-8246
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A low-energy spectrometer for the X-ray analysis of plutonium and plutonium-containing materials has been built. We use ultra-thin window to maintain different pressures and contamination level in the spectrometers's sample and crystal chambers. Ultra-thin windows are also used on the X-ray tube and detector. Methods have been developed by which the spectrometer can analyze both metal and loose-powder samples. Representative calibration spectra are presented for the fluorine band in polyfluoroethylene, the oxygen band in α-Al2 O3, and the carbon band in graphite. Experimental spectra are presented for the fluorine band in PuF3 and for the oxygen ban in PuO2.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An optimized potential function for base-stacking interaction is constructed. Stacking energies between the complementary pairs of a dimer are calculated as a function of the rotational angle and separation distance. Using several different sets of atomic charges, the electrostatic component in the monopole-monopole approximation (MMA) is compared to the more refined segmented multipole-multipole representation (SMMA); the general features of the stacking minima are found to be correctly reproduced with IEHT or CNDO atomic charges. The electrostatic component is observed to control the location of stacking minima. The MMA, in general, is not a reliable approximation of the SMMA in regions away from minima; however, the MMA is reliable in predicting the location and nature of stacking minima. The attractive part of the Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential is compared to and parameterized against the expression for the second-order interaction terms composed of multipole-bond polarizability for the polarization energy and transition-dipole bond polarizabilities for approximation of the dispersion energy. The repulsive part of the Lennard-Jones potential is compared to a Kitaygorodski-type repulsive function; changing the exponent from its usual value of 12 to 11.7 gives significantly better agreement with the more refined repulsive function. Stacking minima calculated with the optimized potential method are compared with various perturbation-type treatments. The optimized potential method yields results that compare as well with melting data as do any of the more recent and expensive perturbation methods.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 1339-1360 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Free-radical polymerization in a flow reactor represented by the tanks-in-series model with backflow was considered. Conversions and molecular weight distributions were computed as functions of the backflow parameter, and the results were compared with the conversion and molecular weight distribution from a CSTR and those from a plug-flow reactor. Backflow was found to be undesirable for the polymerization mechanism under investigation. Values of the degree of segregation for the tanks-in-series model were calculated by using Zwietering's approach as a function of backflow.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 1101-1121 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic behavior of a laboratory-scale activated sludge biological waste treatment process with recycle and wasting of sludge was investigated by subjecting the system to step changes in the influent waste concentration, the recycle flow rate, or the sludge wasting rate. The dynamic behavior of the system was examined by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in addition to dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) and cell dry weight in the aeration tank. Cell dry weight of the recyle flow and effluent COD were also measured.Analysis of the results and estimation of time constants assuming first order responses showed that the time constants characterizing the dynamic responses of the sludge were directly related to the sludge mean residence time. The time constants estimated from dissolved COD measurements were of the same order of magnitude as the fluid residence time in the aeration tank. The ATP transient response was frequently different from that of the cell dry weight in the aeration tank.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies to examine the microbial fermentation of coal gasification products (CO2, H2 and CO) to methane have been done with a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria selected from an anaerobic sewage digestor. The specific rate of methane production at 37°C reached 25 mmol/g cell hr. The stoichiometry for methane production was 4 mmol H2/mol CO2. Cell recycle was used to increase the cell concentration from 2.5 to 8.3 g/liter; the volumetric rate of methane production ran from 1.3 to 4 liter/liter hr. The biogasification was also examined at elevated pressure (450 psi) and temperature to facilitate interfacing with a coal gasifier. At 60°C, the specific rate of methane production reached 50 mmol/g cell hr. Carbon monoxide utilization by the mixed culture of anaerobes and by a Rhodopseudomonas species was examined. Both cultures are able to carry out the shift conversion of CO and water to CO2 and hydrogen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Inhibitors 21 (1) - Investigations into the autoxidation of Fe2+ salts of tetramethylene-1,4-bis-, hexamethylene-1,6-bis-, benzene-1,4-bis-phosphonic acids, phosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid as a model of a surface layer inhibiting the corrosion of ironThe efficiency of organic bisphosphonic acids as inhibitors of the corrosion of iron is due to the fact that Fe2+ ions leaving the iron surface react with the acid immediately and give rise to the formation of threedimensional surface layers. The more dense the structure of these layers, the more resistant these network is against oxygen and the more resistant to hydrolysis are the Fe—OP bonds, the better the protective effect. Oxygen as well as chloride ions are then prevented excess to the metal surface. The distribution of phosphorus in the precipitates obtained during the model experiments yields information concerning the degree of crosslinking.
    Notes: Die Wirksamkeit der organischen Bisphosphonsäuren als Inhibitoren der Korrosion von Eisen ist dadurch bedingt, daß die aus der Eisenoberfläche auftretenden Fe2+-Ionen direkt am Austrittsort mit den Säuren reagieren und an Ort und Stelle dreidimensional vernetzte Deckschichten aufbauen. Je dichter die Struktur dieser Schichten, je beständiger das Netzwerk gegen Sauerstoff und je hydrolysebeständiger die Fe—OP-Bindungen, desto besser ist die Schutzwirkung: Dadurch wird sowohl dem Sauerstoff als auch dem Chloridion der Zugang zur Metalloberfläche verwehrt. Die Modellversuche ermöglichen aufgrund der Verteilung des Phosphors in den Niederschlägen Rückschlüsse auf den Vernetzungsgrad.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 1239-1243 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method of stochastic (Monte Carlo) simulation is employed to determine variable process performance of a 545 Mg/d ammonia plant. Operating conditions and equipment reliability are varied in a flow sheet simulation model of the process. Probability distributions of the plant production capability and failure times are generated. These data agree closely with the operating experience of an actual ammonia plant.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 1029-1035 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing of particles and gases in confined, coaxial jets in the presence of recirculation was studied. Particle and gas mixing rates were measured for conditions simulating processes involving pulverized coal combustion and entrained gasification. The effects of mixing chamber diameter, gas velocity, particle size, and particle loading level on mixing rates were determined from particle mass flux and gas tracer measurements. In every case, the gas mixed much faster than did the particles. Introduction of an expanded mixing chamber of larger diameter (with recirculation zone) significantly increased both gas and particle mixing rates over that for a smaller mixing chamber without recirculation. However, this observed increase was not strongly dependent upon the diameter of the larger mixing chamber. Increasing secondary velocity also increased mixing rates significantly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 2161-2176 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The frequencies and intensities of the laser Raman spectra of poly-L-lysine (PLL) have been observed in the following studies: (1) the thermally induced α-to-β transition which occurs with increasing temperature at high pH; (2) the ionized form to α transition at 10°C by increasing pH; and (3) the ionized form to α transition by ionic strength at low pH.The frequency-dependent bands which have been observed are the amide I (in H2O), amide I′ (in D2O), amide III, and C-C stretch. It has been found possible to assign an unique set of frequencies and intensities to each conformation of PLL of α, β, and ionized form. In this way the nature of the conformations intermediate in the transitions can be determined. The frequencies of the amide III and amide III′ are very weak in the α-helix and somewhat higher than usual in the β form. Hence it appears the amide III and amide III′ bands may differ from one type of polypeptide to another with the same backbone conformation.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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