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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 7 (1973), S. 133-134 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1973), S. 1165-1172 
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relative losses of unlabelled vs. labelled HCN from the [M]+· and [M - 1]+ ions of a number of specifically labelled 1-methylimidazoles (I) and 1-methylpyrazoles (II) have been determined. Hydrogen randomisation in the molecular ions prior to fragmentation is insignificant. Expulsion of HCN follows two distinct pathways: elimination involving positions 2 and 3 (predominant in I) and elimination involving the methyl group and the nitrogen atom at position 1 (predominant in II). The molecular ions eject H· from the methyl groups to a high degree of specificity. In both cases some contribution by position 5 is observed. The resultant [M - 1]+ ions exhibit extensive, but incomplete hydrogen randomisation. Loss of HCN from these ions is consistent with intermediacy of ring-expanded ions, but notably in II a proportion of the HCN is generated from the group. A mechanism for this observation is presented.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 11 (1973), S. 169-172 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 8 (1974), S. 179-191 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is given for obtaining the common molecular integrals over generalized gaussian functions: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \chi_i = x^{\lambda_i}_i \exp \big\{ - \big(\alpha_i x^2_i + \alpha^{\prime}_i x^{\prime 2}_i + \alpha^{\prime\prime}_i x^{\prime\prime 2}_i\big)\big\} $$\end{document}The present algorithms are expected to be more efficient than those given in earlier work by the same author.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 8 (1974), S. 715-732 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method is presented that leads to a simple derivation of the explicit relation between pair-correlated DODS schemes (e.g., the alternant molecular orbital method and the extended valence bond method) and configuration interaction.This result is based on a reduction formula for the representations of the general linear group, GL(m), carried by the N-electron function space. Generally, this paper deals with the effect of “partitioned” orbital transformations on states with “local” permutation symmetry.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 1513-1529 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Polymerisation von Propylensulfid (1) unter dem Einfluß von Triäthyloxoniumtetrafluoroborat (TEFB) in Methylenchlorid wurde untersucht. Die Zeit-Umsatz-Kurven zeigen, daß die Polymerisation in zwei Phasen verläuft: anfangs eine sehr schnelle nicht stationäre Phase A, die bei begrenzter Ausbeute aufhört, und daran anschließend eine viel langsamere Phase B, die zu einem quantitativen Umsatz führt Die Abbruchreaktion der Phase A ist erster Ordnung in bezug auf den Initiator und ist unabhängig von der Monomerkonzentration. Als Mechanismus der Abbruchreaktion wird die Bildung eines haupt-sächlich zwölf-gliedrigen zyklischen Sulfoniumsalzes am Ende der Polymerkette vorgeschlagen. Das Verhaltnis der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten fur die Wachstums- und Abbruchreaktionen bei 0°C in CH2CL2, ist 9 dm3 mol-1. Aus der Kinetik wird geschlossen, daß die Phase B durch die langsame Bildung eines drei-gliedrigen zyklischen Sulfonium-salzes durch einen intramolekularen nukleophilen Angriff der letzten Sulfidgruppe der Polymerkette am α-Kohlenstoff neben dem Sulfoniumsalz ausgelöst wird. Ein weiterer Beweis für diese Art der Re-initiierung wird aus der Beobachtung erhalten, daß einfache Trialkylsulfoniumsalze die Polymerisation nicht starten können, während unter identischen Bedingungen 2-Thia-alkylsulfoniumsalze Polymerisationen ohne eine Phase A ergeben, die ähnlich wie die Phase B von mit TEFB gestarteten Reaktionen verlaufen. Eine “Back-biting”-Reaktion, ähnlich der Abbruchreaktion, ist für den Abbau des Polymeren (hauptsächlich) in zyklische Tetramere verantwortlich.Die Molekulargewichte der Polymeren wurden mit Hilfe der Gelpermeationschromato-graphie gemessen und stimmen mit dem vorgeschlagenen Mechanismus gut überein.
    Notes: Time-conversion curves show that the polymerization of propylene sulfide (1) by triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate (TEFB) in methylene chloride consists of an initial very fast, non-stationary stage A and a much slower subsequent stage B which leads to quantitative conversion. The termination reaction of stage A is of first order with respect to initiator concentration and is independent of monomer concentration. The proposed mechanism for this termination is the formation of a (mainly) 12-membered cyclic sulfonium salt at the end of the polymer chain. The ratio of the rate constant of propagation to the rate constant of termination at 0°C in CH2Cl2 is 9 dm3 mol-1. From the kinetics, it is concluded that stage B is initiated by slow formation of a three-membered cyclic sulfonium salt by an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the last sulfide function of the polymer chain on the α-carbon next to the sulfonium salt. Further evidence for this kind of re-initiation is obtained from the observation that simple trialkylsulfonium salts are very poor initiators or completely incapable of initiating the polymerization, whereas under identical conditions 2-thia-alkylsulfonium salts give polymerizations without stage A which are similar to the stage B of the TEFB-initiated reactions. A backbiting reaction, similar to the termination reaction, is responsible for the degradation of polymer (mainly) into cyclic tetramer. The molecular weights of the polymers, measured by gel permeation chromatography, are in reasonable agreement with the proposed mechanism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 181-208 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation on the rheology of penicillin broths was undertaken in order to obtain more understanding of this important aspect of the fermentation process. The measuring technique consisted in observation of the torque exerted upon a rotating turbine impeller. The experimental data were interpreted in terms of a model which basically is a synthesis of a known relationship for the rheological behavior of printing ink (Casson equation) and some considerations analogous to the rheological description of polymer solutions (excluded volume concept). One of the key variables in the model is a morphology factor, which can be used for a quantitative description of mycelial morphology. The value of the morphology factor can be determined experimentally by a simple viscosity measurement in combination with a mycelial dry weight determination. There are strong indications that the model may be applicable to mycelial broths other than those of penicillin.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 419-439 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The synthesis of extracellular enzymes by microorganisms frequently occurs under genetic control. A simple two-parameter model is developed describing the degree of repression or induction in fermentation media.The case of substrate utilization by an extracellular enzyme was analyzed for a vegetable oil-lipase-yeast system. It is shown that fatty acids released by the lipase may accumulate in the early stage of growth and exert an influence on the limiting after which relatively little repression or induction takes place.Expressions are also derived for growth and extracellular enzyme synthesis in single-and multistage continuous cultures. When the cells grow on a directly available soluble substrate, the specific enzyme synthesis is maximal at low dilution rates in the case of repression and at high dilution rates in the case of induction. If the substrate is not directly available, a single continuous stirred tank reactor stage may not be sufficient for efficient substrate utilization; for fermentation processes where an insoluble has to be broken down before the cells can assimilate it, a plug flow type fermentor rather than a mixed chemostat may prove more satisfactory.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 27-45 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxygen uptake rate in mycelial pellets of Aspergillus niger was studied experimentally and theoretically. The specific rate of respiration of mycelial pellets was found to decrease significantly with increasing pellet size. The distribution of respiratory activity in the mycelial pellets was evaluated and the specific rate of respiration of disrupted mycelia showed adaptation to the concentration of oxygen in the medium. The decrease of the specific rate of respiration of the mycelial pellets could be estimated according to diameter, mycelial density, oxygen diffusivity, and adaptation to the concentration of oxygen. Good agreement was found between the theoretical analysis and the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 385-396 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) was immobilized in low yield on aminoalkylsilylated magnetite (Fe3O4). Better results were obtained when trypsin was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde on magnetite. The preparation contained 36 mg protein/g magnetite and the enzyme retained 46% and 11% of esterase and proteolytic activity. Immobilized trypsin was more heat stable than trypsin. Invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26) was cross-linked on magnetite with glutaraldehyde in low yield due to the inactivation of the enzyme. However in the presence of 1% sucrose, the total activity recovered was 79% of the initial activity and the preparation contained 4.4 mg/g of active invertase. Immobilized invertase was less active than invertase when acting on oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. The immobilized enzymes could be easily recovered, from solutions or suspensions, magnetically.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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